a [4,ei] art.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件;
abandon [4'b1nd4n] v.放弃;抛弃;
abide [4'baid] v.(by)坚持,遵守;
ability [4'bil4ti] n.能力,智能;才能,才干;
able ['eib4l] a.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的; able to inf. 能,会;
abnormal [1b'n3:m4l] a.反常的,不正常的;
aboard [4'b4urd] ad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）; prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）;
abolish [4'b3li5] v.废除,取消;
about [4'baut] ad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多; prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近; a.准备; be about to+inf.即将;
above [4'b8v] prep.在…上面,超过,高于; a.上面的,上述的; ad.在上面,以上; above all首要,尤其;
abroad [4'br3:d] ad.到国外,在国外;到处;
abrupt [4'br8pt] a.突然的,意外的;(举止,言谈等)唐突的,鲁莽的;
absence ['1bs4ns,'1bsns] n.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有;
absent ['1bs4nt] a.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的;
absolute ['1bs4.lu:t] a.绝对的,完全的;
absorb [4b's3:b] v.吸收;吸收,使专心; be absorbed in专心于;
absorption [4b's3:p54n] n.吸收;
abstract [1b'str1kt,'1bstr1kt] a.抽象的; n.摘要,提要; v.提(抽取);
absurd [4b's4:d] a.荒唐的;
abundance [4'b8nd4ns] n.丰富,充裕;
abundant [4'b8nd4nt] a.(in)丰富的,充分的,充裕的;
abuse [4'bju:s,4'bju:z] v./n.滥用;虐待;谩骂;
academic [.1k4'demik] a.学院的;学术的;
academy [4'k1d4mi] n.学院;
accelerate [1k'sel4.reit] v.加快,促进;
acceleration [1k.sel4'rei54n] n.加速(度);
accent ['1ksent] n.腔调,口音;重音(符号);
accept [4k'sept] v.接受,认可;同意,认可;
acceptable [4k'sept4b4l] a.可接受的;
acceptance [4k'sept4ns] n.接受,验收;承认,认可;
access ['1kses] n.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方; 法; have/gain access to可以获得;
accessory [1k'ses4ri] n.附件,配件; a.附属的;
accident ['1ks4d4nt] n.事故;意外的事,偶然的事; by accident偶然;
accidental [.1ks4'dent4l] a. 偶然的,意外的;
accommodate [4'k3m4.deit] v.留宿,收容;供应,供给; accommodation(s); n.住宿,留宿;膳宿供应;
accompany [4'k8mp4ni] v.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏;
accomplish [4'k3mpli5] v.完成;
accordance [4'k3:dns] n.一致; in accordance with与…一致; according to按照,根据;
accordingly [4'k3:di6li] ad.因此,从而,相应地,照着（办）;
account [4'kaunt] n.账（目,户）;叙述,说明; v.说明,解释; account for说明（原因等）; on account of因为,由于; take …into account考虑;
accumulate [4'kju:mj4.leit] v.积累,积蓄,堆积;
accuracy ['1kj4r4si] n.准确,准确度;
accurate ['1kj4rit] a.精确的,准确的;
accuse [4'kju:z] v.（of）控告,谴责;
accustom [4'k8st4m] v.（to）使习惯;
accustomed [4'k8st4md] a.惯常的,习惯的; be accustomed to习惯于;
ache [eik] v.痛; n.疼痛,酸痛;
achieve [4't5i:v] v.完成;达到,达成,获得;
acid ['1sid] n.酸; a.酸的;
acknowledge [4k'n3lid9] v.承认;致谢;
acquaint [4'kweint] v.(sb.with)使认识,使了解;
acquaintance [4'kweint4ns] n.熟人,相识;
acquire [4'kwai4] v.取得,获得;学到;
acquisition [.1kw4'zi54n] n.获得,获得物;
acre ['eik4] n.英亩;
across [4'kr3:s] prep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉; ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔;
act [1kt] v.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演; n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例;
action ['1k54n] n.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用;
activate ['1kt4.veit] v.使活动,起动;
active ['1ktiv] a.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的;
activity [1k'tiv4ti] n.活动;活性,活力;
actor ['1kt4] n.男演员;
actress ['1ktris] n.女演员;
actual ['1kt5u4l] a.实际的,现实的;
acute [4'kju:t] a.敏锐的,尖锐的;(疾病)急性的;
AD/A.D. [] n.公元; ad=advertisement; n.广告; 
adapt [4'd1pt] v.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写;
adaptation [.1d1p'tei54n] n.改编;适应;
add [1d] v.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说; add up to合计,总计;
addition [4'di54n] n.(增)加,加法;附加(物); in addition另外; in addition to除...之外;
additional [4'di54n4l] a.附加的,另外的,额外的;
address [4'dres] n.地址,通讯处,致词; v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话;
adequate ['1d4kwit] a.足够的,充分的,恰当的;
adhere [4d'hi4] v.(to)粘附,胶着;坚持;
adjacent [4'd9eis4nt] a.(to)邻近的,毗连的;
adjective ['1d9iktiv] n./a.形容词(的);
adjoin [4'd93in] v.毗连,靠近;
adjust [4'd98st] v.调节,调整,校正;
administrate/administer [] v.掌管,料理...的事务;实施,执行;给予,投(药); 
administration [4d.min4'strei54n] n.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府;
admiration [.1dm4'rei54n] n.钦佩,赞美;
admire [4d'mai4] v.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕;
admission [4d'mi54n] n.允许进入,接纳,收容;承认;
admit [4d'mit] v.让...进入,接纳;承认;
adolescent [.1d4l'es4nt] n.青少年; a.青春期的,青少年的;
adopt [4'd3pt] v.采用,采纳,通过;收养;
adoption [4'd3p54n] n.采用,采纳,通过;收养;
adult [4'd8lt] n.成(年)人; a.成年人的,已成熟的;
advance [4d'v2:ns] v.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前; n.前进,进展;预付,预支; in advance提前,预先;
advanced [4d'v2:nst] a. 高级的,先进的,前进的;
advantage [4d'v2:ntid9] n.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处; gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于; take advantage of利用;
advantageous [.1dv4n'teid94s] a.有利的;
adventure [4d'vent54] n.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇;
adverb ['1dv4b] n.副词;
advertise ['1dv4.taiz] v.做广告;
advice [4d'vais] n.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见;
advisable [4d'vaiz4b4l] n.可取的,适当的;
advise [4d'vaiz] v.劝告,忠告;建议;通知;
advocate ['1dv4.keit,'1dv4kit] n.提倡者,鼓吹者; v.提倡,鼓吹;
aerial ['eri4l] a.空中的,航空的; n.天线;
aeroplane/airplane [] n.飞机; 
aerospace ['er4.speis] n.太空,宇宙空间;
aesthetic/esthetic [] a.美学的,艺术的;审美的; 
affair [4'fA4] n.事,事情,事件;
affect [4'fekt] v.影响;感动;
affection [4'fek54n] n.爱,慈爱,感情;影响;
affiliate [4'fili.eit,4'filiit] v.使隶属(或附属)于; n.附属机构,分公司;
affirm [4'f4:m] v.断言,肯定;
affirmative [4'f4:m4tiv] a.肯定的;
afford [4'f4urd] v.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予;
afraid [4'freid] a.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的;
Africa ['1frik4] n.非洲;
African ['1frik4n] a.非洲(人)的; n.非洲人;
after ['2:ft4] prep.在…以后,在...后面; conj.在...后; ad.以后,后来;
afternoon ['2:ft4'nu:n] n.下午,午后; afterward(s); ad.后来,以后;
again [4'gen] ad.又,再(次),重新;
against [4'genst] prep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比;
age [eid9] n.年龄;时期,时代; v.变老,老化;
agency ['eid94nsi] n.代理(处),代办处;
agenda [4'd9end4] n.议事日程;
agent ['eid94nt] n.代理商(人),代表;
aggravate ['1gr4.veit] v.恶化,加重,加剧;
aggressive [4'gresiv] a.侵略的,好斗的;敢作敢为的,有进取心的;
agitate ['1d94.teit] v.鼓动,搅动;搅拌;
ago [4'g4u] ad.以前,...前;
agony ['1g4ni] n.苦恼,痛苦;
agree [4'gri:] v.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合;
agreeable [4'gri:4b4l] a.惬意的,令人愉快的;易相处的;同意的;
agreement [4'gri:m4nt] n.同意,一致;协定,协议;
agricultural [.1gri'k8lt54r4l] a.农业的;
agriculture ['1gri.k8lt54] n.农业;
ahead [4'hed] ad.在前,向前,提前,前头; ahead of在...前面,先于;
aid [eid] v.援助,救援,帮助; n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备;
aim [eim] v.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对; n.目标,目的;
air [A4] n.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子; v.使通风; in the air在流行中,在传播中;
aircraft ['A4.kr2:ft] n.航空器,飞机;
airline ['A4.lain] n.航线;航空公司;
airmail ['A4.meil] n.航空邮件,航空邮政;
airplane/aeroplane [] n.飞机; 
airport ['A4.p4urt] n.机场,航空站;
alarm [4'l2:m] n.警报;惊恐,惊慌; v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警;
alcohol ['1lk4.h3l] n.酒精,乙醇;
alert [4'l4:t] a.警惕的;机灵的;
alien ['eili4n] n.外侨;外星人; a.外国的;(from)相异的;(to)不相容的;
alike [4'laik] a.相同的,想像的;
alive [4'laiv] a.活着着;活跃的,热闹的;
all [3:l] a.所有的,全部的; pron.一切,全部; ad.完全,都,十分; above all首要,尤其; after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样; all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都; all out全力以赴,竭尽全力; all over遍及,到处; all right行,可以;顺利,良好; at all完全,根本; in all总共,共计; not at all一点也不;
allege [4'led9] v.断言,宣称;
alleviate [4'li:vi.eit] v.减轻,缓解,缓和;
alliance [4'lai4ns] n.结盟,联盟;联姻; in alliance with与...联盟;
allied [4'laid] a.联合的,同盟的;
allocate ['1l4.keit] v.分配,分派,把...拨给;
allow [4'lau] v.允许,准许;承认;让...得到; allow for考虑到;
allowance [4'lau4ns] n.津贴,补助(费); make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅;
alloy [4'l3i,'1l3i] n.合金;
ally [4'lai] n.同盟国,同盟者;支持者; v.(with)使结盟;
almost ['3:l.m4ust] ad.几乎,差不多;
alone [4'l4un] a.单独,独立,独一无二的; ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自; leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管; let alone更不用说;
along [4'l36] prep.沿着; ad.向前; along with与...一起;
alongside [4'l36'said] prep.在…旁边,横靠,与...并肩; ad.并排地,并肩地;
aloud [4'laud] ad.出声地,大声地;
alphabet ['1lf4.bet] n.字母表;
already [3:l'redi] ad.已,已经;
also ['3:ls4u] ad.也,同样;而且,还; not only...but also不但...而且;
alter ['3:lt4] v.改变,变更;
alteration [.3:lt4'rei54n] n.改变,变更;
alternate ['3:lt4.neit,'3:lt4nit] a.交替的,轮流的; v.交替,轮流;
alternative [3:l't4:n4tiv] a.两者挑一的; n.可供选择的事物,替换物,选择对象;
although [3:l'04u] conj.尽管,虽然,即使;
altitude ['1lt4.tju:d] n.高度,海拔;
altogether [.3:lt4'ge04] ad.完全,全部地;总共;总之;
aluminum/aluminium [] n.铝; 
always ['3:lweiz] ad.永远,始终;总是,一直;
AM/A.M./a.m. [] 上午; 
amateur ['1m4.t5u4] a.业余的; n.业余(活动)爱好者;
amaze [4'meiz] v.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹;
ambassador [1m'b1s4d4] n.大使;
ambiguous [1m'bigju4s] a.模棱两可的;
ambition [1m'bi54n] n.雄心,野心;
ambitious [1m'bi54s] a.有雄心的,野心勃勃的;
ambulance ['1mbj4l4ns] n.救护车;
amend [4'mend] v.修改,修正;
America [4'merik4] n.美洲;美国;
American [4'merik4n] a.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的; n.美国人;美国人; among(st); prep.在…之中,在...中间;
amount [4'maunt] n.数量,总额; v.(to)合计,总共达,等于;
ampere [1m'pi4] n.安培;
ample ['1mp4l] a.充分的,富裕的;宽敞的,宽大的;
amplifier ['1mpl4.fai4] n.放大器,扩音机;
amplify ['1mpl4.fai] v.放大,增强;
amuse [4'mju:z] v.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣);
amusement [4'mju:zm4nt] n.娱乐,消遣;娱乐活动;
analog/analogue [] n.类似物;模拟; 
analogy [4'n1l4d9i] n.比拟,类比; by analogy用类推的方法;
analysis [4'n1l4sis] n.分析,分解; analytic(al); a.分析的,分解的;
analyze/analyse [] v.分析,分解; 
ancestor ['1nsest4] n.祖宗,祖先;
anchor ['16k4] n.锚; v.抛锚,停泊;
ancient ['ein54nt] a.古代的,古老的;
and [1nd,4nd] conj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又;
angel ['eind94l] n.天使;
anger ['16g4] n.(愤)怒,气愤; v.使发怒,激怒;
angle ['16g4l] n.角;角度,方面,观点;
angry ['16gri] a.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的;
animal ['1n4m4l] n.动物,野兽,牲畜; a.动物的,野兽的;
ankle ['16k4l] n.踝;
anniversary [.1n4'v4:s4ri] n.周年(纪念日);
announce [4'nauns] v.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到;
announcer [4'nauns4] n.播音员,报幕员;
annoy [4'n3i] v.使恼怒,使生气,打搅;
annual ['1nju4l] a.每年的,年度的; n.年刊,年鉴;
anonymous [4'n3n4m4s] a.匿名的;无名的;无特色的;
another [4'n804] a.另一,再一;别的,不同的; pron.另一个,类似的一个; one after another一个接一个; one another互相;
answer ['2:ns4] v.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合; n.回答,答复,答案;
ant [1nt] n.蚂蚁;
antarctic [1n't2:ktik] a.南极(区)的; n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈);
antenna [1n'ten4] n.天线;
anticipate [1n'tis4.peit] v.预期,预料,预感,期望;
anxiety [16'zai4ti] n.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望;
anxious ['16k54s] a.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的;
any ['eni] a.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的; pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些; ad.稍,丝毫;
anybody ['eni.b3di] pron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物;
anyhow ['eni.hau] ad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法; anyone=anybody; pron.任何人,无论谁;
anything ['eni.7i6] pron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事; (物); anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不; anyway=anyhow; ad.无论如何;
anywhere ['eni.wA4] ad.在什么地方,无论哪里;
apart [4'p2:t] ad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔; apart from除去;
apartment [4'p2:tm4nt] n.[英]房间,套间;[美]公寓;
apologize/apologise [] v.(to,for)道歉,认错; 
apology [4'p3l4d9i] n.道歉,歉意,认错;
apparatus [.1p4'reit4s] n.器械,设备,仪器,装置;
apparent [4'p1r4nt] a.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的;
appeal [4'pi:l] v.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉; n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉;
appear [4'pi4] v.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛;
appearance [4'pir4ns] n.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观;
appendix [4'pendiks] n.附录,附属物;
appetite ['1p4.tait] n.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求;
applaud [4'pl3:d] v.喝彩,欢呼,鼓掌,称赞;
applause [4'pl3:z] n.鼓掌欢迎,欢呼;
apple ['1p4l] n.苹果(树);
appliance [4'plai4ns] n.用具,器具;
applicable ['1plik4b4l] a.(to)能应用的,适用的;
application [.1pl4'kei54n] n.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用;
apply [4'plai] v.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用;
appoint [4'p3int] v.任命,委任;约定,指定;
appointment [4'p3intm4nt] n.任命,委任;约定,指定;
appraisal [4'preiz4l] n.估计,估量;评价;
appreciable [4'pri:5i4b4l] a.可以察觉的,可估计的;
appreciate [4'pri:5i.eit] v.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识;
apprehension [.1pri'hen54n] n.忧虑,担心,疑惧;理解,领悟;
approach [4'pr4ut5] v.靠近,接近,邻近; n.方法,途径;探讨;
appropriate [4'pr4upri.eit] a.(to)适当的,恰如其分的;
approval [4'pru:v4l] n.赞成,同意;认可,批准;
approve [4'pru:v] v.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过;
approximately [4'pr3ks4mitli] ad.近似地,大约;
April ['eipr4l] n.四月;
apt [1pt] a.恰当的,适宜的;(习性)易于...的,有...倾向的;
Arabian [4'reibi4n] n.阿拉伯人; a.阿拉伯(人)的;
arbitrary ['2:b4.treri] a.任意的,专断的;
arch [2:t5] n.拱门,弓形结构,桥拱洞; v.拱起,(使)变成弓形;
architect ['2:k4.tekt] n.建筑师;
architecture ['2:k4.tekt54] n.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学;
arctic ['2:ktik] a.北极(区)的; n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈;
area ['eri4] n.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域;
argue ['2:gju] v.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服;
argument ['2:gj4m4nt] n.争论,辨认;论据,论点;
arise [4'raiz] v.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生;
arithmetic [4'ri7m4tik] n.算术;
arm [2:m] n.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武; 装; v.武装,装备;
army ['2:mi] n.军(队),陆军;大群;
around [4'raund] ad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约; prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地;
arouse [4'rauz] v.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起;
arrange [4'reind9] v.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备;
array [4'rei] n.一系列,大量;排列; v.排列;
arrest [4'rest] v./n.逮捕,拘留;
arrival [4'raiv4l] n.到来,到达;到达的人或物;
arrive [4'raiv] v.到达,来到; arrive at达到,得出;
arrow ['1r4u] n.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物;
art [2:t] n.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科;
article ['2:tik4l] n.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词;
articulate [2:'tikj4.leit,2:'tikj4lit] a.善于表达的,口齿清晰的; v.明确有力地表达;
artificial [.2:t4'fi54l] a.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的;
artist ['2:tist] n.艺术家,美术家;
artistic [2:'tistik] a.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;
as [1z] ad.一样,同样; conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管; prep.作为,如同; as...as像...一样; as for至于,就...方面说; as if好像,仿佛; as though好像,仿佛; as to至于,关于; as well也,又; as well as(除...之外)也,既...又; not as/so...as不如...那样;
ascend [4'send] v.攀登,上升;
ascertain [.1s4'tein] v.查明,弄清,确定;
ash [15] n.灰(烬);
ashamed [4'5eimd] a.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊;
ashore [4'54ur,4'53:] ad.在岸上,上岸;
Asia ['ei54] n.亚洲;
Asian ['ei54n,'ei94n] a.亚洲(人)的; n.亚洲人;
aside [4'said] ad.在旁边,到旁边; aside from除...以外;
ask [2:sk] v.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请; ask after询问,问候; ask for请求,要求;
asleep [4'sli:p] a.睡着的;
aspect ['1spekt] n.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面;
assault [4's3:lt] v./n.袭击,攻击;
assemble [4'semb4l] v.集合,集会,会议;装配;
assembly [4'sembli] n.集合,集会,会议;装配;
assert [4's4:t] v.断言,宣称;
assess [4'ses] v.估价,评价;
assign [4'sain] v.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等);
assignment [4'sainm4nt] n.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业;
assimilate [4'sim4l.eit] v.(被)吸收,(被)消化;(使或被)同化;
assist [4'sist] v.帮助,援助,协助;
assistance [4'sist4ns] n.帮助,援助;
assistant [4'sist4nt] n.助手,助教; a.辅助的,助理的;
associate [4's4u5i.eit,4's4u5iit] v.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合; n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行; a.副的;
association [4.s4usi'ei54n] n.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想;
assume [4'sju:m] v.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现;
assumption [4's8mp54n] n.假定,设想;采取;承担;
assurance [4'5ur4ns] n.确保,断言;保证,担保;
assure [4'5u4] v.使确信,使放心;保证,担保;
astonish [4'st3ni5] v.使惊讶,使吃惊;
astronaut ['1str4.n3:t] n.宇航员;
astronomy [4s'tr3n4mi] n.天文学;
at [1t,4t] prep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示; 时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,; 向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面;
athlete ['17li:t] n.运动员;
Atlantic [4t'l1ntik] a.大西洋的; n.[the Atlantic]大西洋;
atmosphere ['1tm4s.fi4] n.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位);
atmospheric [.1tm4s'ferik] a.大气的,空气的;
atom ['1t4m] n.原子;微粒,微量;
attach [4't1t5] v.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋; attached to附属于,隶属于;
attack [4't1k] v./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始; n.(病)发作;
attain [4'tein] v.达到,获得;
attempt [4'tempt] v.尝试,试图; n.(at)企图,努力;
attend [4'tend] v.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理;
attendance [4'tend4ns] n.到场,出席;
attendant [4'tend4nt] n.服务员,值班员;护理人员;
attention [4'ten54n] n.注意(力),留心;立正; pay attentin to注意;
attentive [4'tentiv] a.注意的,留神的;
attitude ['1t4tju:d] n.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势;
attorney [4't4:ni] n.律师;
attract [4'tr1kt] v.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等);
attractive [4'tr1ktiv] a.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的;
attribute [4'tribjut,'1tr4.bju:t] n.属性,品质,特征; v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为;
audience ['3:di4ns] n.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见;
augment [3:g'ment,'3:gment] v.扩大,增加,提高;
August [3:'g8st,'3:g4st] n.八月;
aunt [2:nt] n.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母;
aural ['3r4l] a.听觉的;
Australia [3:'streilj4] n.澳大利亚,澳洲;
Australian [3:'streilj4n] a.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的; n.澳大利亚人;
author ['3:74] n.作者;创始人;
authority [4'73r4ti] n.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]; 当局,官方;
auto ['3:t4u] n.汽车;
automatic [.3:t4'm1tik] n.自动机构; a.自动的,无意识的,机械的;
automation [.3:t4'mei54n] n.自动(化);
automobile ['3:t4m4.bil] n.汽车;
autumn ['3:t4m] n.秋(季);
auxiliary [3:g'zilj4ri] a.辅助的,补助的;
avail [4'veil] n.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中]效用,利益,帮助; v.有用于,有助于; avail (oneself) of利用; of/to no avail不起作用,没有用;
available [4'veil4b4l] a.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的;
avenue ['1v4.nju:] n.林荫道,大街;途径,手段;
average ['1v4rid9] n.平均(数); a.平均的;通常的,一般的; v.平均,均分; on (the/an) average平均,一般说来;
avert [4'v4:t] v.防止,避免;转移(目光,注意力等);
aviation [.eivi'ei54n] n.航空,飞行;
avoid [4'v3id] v.避免,回避,逃避;
await [4'weit] v.等候,期待;
awake [4'weik] a.醒着的,警觉的; v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到;
award [4'w3:d] n.奖(品); v.授予,奖给;
aware [4'wA4] a.(of)知道的,意识到的;
away [4'wei] ad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去; right away立即,马上;
awful ['3:ful] a.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的; ad.十分,极度地;
awfully ['3:fuli] ad.非常,很;
awkward ['3:kw4d] a.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的;
ax/axe [] n.斧(子); 
axis ['1ksis] n.轴(线);构图中心线;
baby ['beibi] n.婴儿,孩子;
bachelor ['b1t54l4] n.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位);
back [b1k] n.背(面),后面; a.后面的; ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前; v.后退;支持; back and forth来回,往返,来来往往地; back down/off放弃,让步,退却; back of在...后部,在...背部; back up支持,援助;倒退,后退;
background ['b1k.graund] n.背景,经历;
backward ['b1kw4d] a.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的; ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向;
bacon ['beik4n] n.咸肉,熏肉; bacterium([pl.]bacteria); n.细菌;
bad [b1d] a.坏的,恶的,错的;低劣的,拙劣的;不舒服的,病的;; 腐败的;严重的;
badge [b1d9] n.徽章;
badly ['b1dli] ad.坏,恶劣地;严重地,非常,厉害地;
badminton ['b1dmint4n] n.羽毛球;
bag [b1g] n.袋,包;
baggage ['b1gid9] n.行李;
bake [beik] v.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干;
bakery ['beik4ri] n.面包房;
balance ['b1l4ns] v.称,(使)平衡; n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款;
bald [b3:ld] a.秃的,秃头的;
ball [b3:l] n.球,球状物;舞会;
balloon [b4'lu:n] n.气球;
ban [b1n] v.取缔,查禁;(from)禁止; n.禁止,禁令;
banana [b4'n2:n4] n.香蕉;
band [b1nd] n.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙; v.缚,绑扎;
bandage ['b1ndid9] n.绷带; v.用绷带扎缚;
bang [b16] n.砰砰的声音;猛击,猛撞; v.砰地关上,猛撞,猛击;
bank [b16k] n.岸,堤;银行,库; v.存入银行;
bankrupt ['b16kr8pt] a.破产的;
bankruptcy ['b16kr4ptsi] n.破产; v.使破产;
banner ['b1n4] n.旗(帜);
bar [b2:] n.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物); v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍;
barber ['b2:b4] n.理发师;
bare [bA4] a.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的; v.露出,暴露;
barely ['bA4li] ad.赤裸裸地,无遮蔽地;仅仅,勉强,几乎没有;
bargain ['b2:gin] n.廉价货;交易,契约,合同; v.议价,成交;
bark [b2:k] v.吠叫,咆哮; n.吠声,狗叫声;
barn [b2:n] n.谷仓,仓库;
barrel ['b1r4l] n.桶;枪管,炮管;
barrier ['b1ri4] n.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物);
base [beis] n.基础,底部;基地,根据地; v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据;
baseball ['beis.b3:l] n.棒球;
basement ['beism4nt] n.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖;
basic ['beisik] a.基本的,基础的;
basin ['beis4n] n.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地;
basis ['beisis] n.基础,根据; on the basis of根据,在...的基础上;
basket ['b1skit] n.篮(子),篓;
basketball ['b1skit.b3:l] n.篮球;
bat [b1t] n.球拍,球棒,短棒;蝙蝠;
batch [b1t5] n.一批,一组,一群;
bath [b2:7] n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆); v.(给...)洗澡;
bathe [bei0] v.游泳,洗澡,浸,弄湿;
bathroom ['b17.ru:m] n.浴室;盥洗室,卫生间;
battery ['b1t4ri] n.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组;
battle ['b1t4l] n.战役,战斗;斗争; v.战斗,斗争,搏斗;
bay [bei] n.海湾,(港)湾;
BC/B.C. [] 公元前; 
be [bi:] v.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生;
beach [bi:t5] n.海滩,湖滩,河滩;
beam [bi:m] n.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱; v.微笑;发光;
bean [bi:n] n.豆;菜豆,蚕豆;
bear [bA4] n.熊; v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女;
beard [bi4d] n.胡须;
beast [bi:st] n.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人;
beat [bi:t] n.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动; v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动;
beautiful ['bju:t4f4l] a.美(好)的;
beauty ['bju:ti] n.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西;
because [bi'k3:z] conj.因为; because of由于,因为;
become [bi'k8m] v.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称;
bed [bed] n.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底;
bedroom ['bed.rum] n.卧室;
bee [bi:] n.(蜜)蜂;
beef [bi:f] n.牛肉;
beer [bi4] n.啤酒;
before [bi'f4ur] prep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面; conj.在...之前; ad.前面,从前,早些时候;
beforehand [bi'f4ur.h1nd] ad.预先,事先;
beg [beg] v.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求;
begin [bi'gin] v.开始; begin with从...开始;
beginner [bi'gin4] n.初学者;
beginning [bi'gini6] n.开始,开端;
behalf [bi'h2:f] n.利益; on behalf of代表,为了;
behave [bi'heiv] v.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动;
behavior/behaviour [] n.行为,举止;(机器的)特性; 
behind [bi'haind] prep.在…后面,落后于; ad.在后,向后,落后;
being ['bi:i6] n.生物,人;存在,生存;
belief [bi'li:f] n.信仰,信条;相信,信念;
believe [bi'li:v] v.(in)相信,信仰;认为; make believe假装;
bell [bel] n.钟,铃;
belong [b4'l36] v.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等);
beloved [bi'l8vid] a./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人;
below [b4'l4u,bi'l4u] prep.在...下面,在...以下; ad.在下面,向下;
belt [belt] n.(皮)带,腰带;地带;
bench [bent5] n.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座;
bend [bend] v.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服; n.弯曲(处),曲折处;
beneath [bi'ni:7] prep.在…下边,在...之下; ad.在下方;
beneficial [.ben4'fi54l] a.(to)有利的,有益的;
benefit ['ben4fit] n.利益,好处,恩惠; v.有益于;(from,by)受益;
bent [bent] a.弯曲的;
berry ['beri] n.浆果;
beside [bi'said] prep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比;
besides [bi'saidz] prep.除...之外; ad.而且,还有;
best [best] a.最好的; ad.最,最好(地); at (the) best充其量,至多; do/try one’s best (to+inf.)尽力,努力; get the best of胜过; make the best of充分利用,妥善处理;
bet [bet] v.赌,打赌; n.打赌,赌注;
betray [bi'trei] v.背叛,出卖;暴露,流露,泄露;
better ['bet4] a.较好的,更好的; ad.更好(地); v.改良,改善; n.较佳者,较优者; for the better好转,改善; get the betterr of占上风,胜过; had better最好还是,应该;
between [bi'twi:n] prep.在(两者)之间; ad.当中,中间;
beware [bi'wA4] v.当心,谨防;
bewilder [bi'wild4] v.使迷惑,难住;
beyond [bi'j3nd] prep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出; ad.在那边,在远处;
bias ['bai4s] n./v.(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒;
Bible ['baib4l] n.圣经;
bicycle ['baisik4l] n.自行车;
bid [bid] v.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标; n.出众,投标;
big [big] a.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的;
bike [baik] n.自行车;
bill [bil] n.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;; 钞票;
billion ['bilj4n] num./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿;
bind [baind] v.捆,绑,包括,束缚;
biography [bai'3gr4fi] n.传记;
biology [bai'3l4d9i] n.生物学;
bird [b4:d] n.鸟,禽;
birth [b4:7] n.出生,分娩;出身,血统;
biscuit ['biskit] n.饼干,点心;
bit [bit] n.一点,一片,一些;
bite [bait] v./n.咬,叮; n.一口;
bitter ['bit4] a.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的;
black [bl1k] a.黑(色)的,黑暗的; n.黑人,黑色;
blackboard ['bl1k.b4urd] n.黑板;
blame [bleim] v.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于; n.责任,过错;责备;
blank [bl16k] a.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的; n.空白;表格;
blanket ['bl16kit] n.毛毯,毯子;
blast [bl2:st] n.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛; 声; v.爆炸,爆破;
blaze [bleiz] n.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉; v.燃烧,冒火焰;
bleak [bli:k] a.荒凉的;冷酷的;没有希望的;
bleed [bli:d] v.出血,流血;
blend [blend] n.混合(物); v.混和,混杂;
bless [bles] v.祝福,保佑;
blessing ['blesi6] n.祈祷,祝福;
blind [blaind] a.瞎的;盲目的; v.使失明;蒙蔽; n.百叶窗;
block [bl3k] n.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞; v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁;
blood [bl8d] n.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质;
bloody ['bl8di] a.流血的,血腥的;
bloom [blu:m] n.花(朵);开花(期); v.开花;
blossom ['bl3s4m] n.花; v.开花;
blow [bl4u] v.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆; 炸,爆裂; n.打,殴打,一击,打击;
blue [blu:] a.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的; n.蓝色;
blunder ['bl8nd4] v.(因无知,粗心等而)犯大错;踉踉跄跄地走; n.大错;
blunt [bl8nt] a.率直的;钝的; v.(使)钝;(使)迟钝;
blush [bl85] v./n.脸红;
board [b4urd,b3:d] n.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷; v.上船(车,飞机); on board在船(车,飞机)上;
boast [b4ust] v.(of,about)自夸,夸耀; n.自夸,大话;
boat [b4ut] n.小船,艇;
body ['b3di] n.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆;
boil [b3il] v.(使)沸腾,煮(沸);
boiler ['b3il4] n.锅炉;煮器(壶,锅等);
bold [b4uld] a.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的;
bolt [b4ult] n.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销; v.闩(门),关窗,拴住;
bomb [b3m] n.炸弹; v.投弹于,轰炸;
bond [b3nd] n.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约;
bone [b4un] n.骨(骼);
bonus ['b4un4s] n.奖金,红利;
book [buk] n.书(籍);卷,篇,册; v.预定,订(票,房间等);
boom [bu:m] v.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声;
boot [bu:t] n.(长统)靴;
booth [bu:7] n.电话亭,货摊;
border ['b3:d4] n.边界,国界;边(沿); v.交界,与...接壤;接近;
bore [b4ur] v.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦; n.讨厌的人,麻烦事;
born [b3:n] a.出身于...的,天生的,生来的borrow; v.借(用);
bosom ['buz4m] n.(心)胸;
boss [b3s] n.工头,老板,上司; v.指挥,支配,发号施令;
both [b4u7] pron.二者,双方; a.两,双; both...and既...又...,两个都;
bother ['b304] v.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心; n.麻烦;
bottle ['b3t4l] n.瓶(子); v.装瓶;
bottom ['b3t4m] n.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床;
bough [bau] n.大树枝,主枝;
bounce [bauns] v.跳起,弹起; n.(球)跳起,弹回;
bound [baund] v./n.跳(跃); a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正; 在)到...去的,开往...的;
boundary ['baundri] n.分界线,边界;
bow [b4u,bau] v./n.鞠躬,点头; n.弓(形);蝴蝶结;
bowl [b4ul] n.碗(状物),钵;
box [b3ks] n.箱(子),盒(子);包厢; v.拳击,打耳光;
boy [b3i] n.男孩;男服务员,男仆;
boycott ['b3i'k3t] n./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与;
brace [breis] v.使防备,使受锻炼;支撑;使(手,足,肩等)绷紧; n.托架,支架;
bracket ['br1kit] n.(方)括号;
brain [brein] n.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能;
brake [breik] v./n.制动(器),闸,刹车;
branch [br2:nt5] n.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,; 支脉,支线;
brand [br1nd] n.商标,标记,牌子; v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印;
brandy ['br1ndi] n.白兰地酒;
brass [br2:s] n.黄铜,铜器;
brave [breiv] a.勇敢的;
bravery ['breiv4ri] n.大胆,勇敢;
bread [bred] n.面包;
breadth [bred7] n.宽度,幅;
break [breik] v.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反; n.打断,中止;休息时间; break away(from)脱离,逃跑; break down损坏,分解,瓦解; break in强行进入,闯入;打断,插嘴; break into闯入; break off断绝,结束; break out突然发生,爆发;(of)逃出; break through突破; break up中止,结束;打碎,拆散;
breakdown ['breik.daun] n.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌;
breakfast ['brekf4st] n.早饭,早餐; v.吃早饭;
breast [brest] n.胸膛,乳房;
breath [bre7] n.呼吸,气息; catch one’s breath屏息,歇口气; out of breath喘不过气来,上气不接下气;
breathe [bri:0] v.呼吸,吸入;
breed [bri:d] v.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养; n.品种,种类;
breeze [bri:z] n.微风,和风;
bribe [braib] n.贿赂; v.向...行贿,买通;
brick [brik] n.砖(状物);
bride [braid] n.新娘;
bridge [brid9] n.桥(梁); v.架桥,建桥;
brief [bri:f] a.简短的,简洁的; v.简短介绍,简要汇报; in brief简单地说,简言之;
bright [brait] a.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的;
brilliant ['brilj4nt] a.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的;
brim [brim] n.边缘,帽沿;
bring [bri6] v.带来,拿来;引起,导致; bring about带来,造成; bring down打倒,挫伤;降低; bring forth产生,提出; bring forward提出; bring out使出现,使显明;公布,出版; bring to使恢复知觉; bring up教育,培养,使成长;
brisk [brisk] a.轻快的;生气勃勃的;兴隆的;
Britain ['brit4n] n.不列颠,英国;
British ['briti5] a.不列颠的;英国(人)的;
brittle ['brit4l] a.易碎的,脆(弱)的;
broad [br3:d] a.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的;
broadcast ['br3:d.k2:st] v./n.广播(节目);
brochure [br4u'5u4] n.小册子;
broken ['br4uk4n] a.破碎(了)的;
bronze [br3nz] n.青铜(色),青铜制品;
brook [bruk] n.小河,溪;
broom [bru:m] n.扫帚;
brother ['br804] n.兄弟;同胞;教友;
brow [brau] n.眉(毛);额;
brown [braun] n./a.褐色(的),棕色(的);
brush [br85] n.刷(子),毛刷;画笔; v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过;
brutal ['bru:t4l] a.残忍的;严峻的;严酷的;
bubble ['b8b4l] n.泡,水泡,气泡; v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾;
bucket ['b8kit] n.水桶,吊桶;
bud [b8d] n.芽,花苞; v.发芽,含苞欲放;
budget ['b8d9it] n.预算; v.做预算;
buffet ['b8fit,bu:'fei] n.自助餐;
bug [b8g] n.臭虫;小毛病;窃听器; v.窃听;
build [bild] v.造,建筑,建设,建立; build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼;
building ['bildi6] n.建筑(物),房屋,大楼;
bulb [b8lb] n.灯泡,球状物;
bulk [b8lk] n.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块; in bulk散装;大批,大量;
bull [bul] n.公牛;
bullet ['bulit] n.子弹,枪弹;
bulletin ['bul4tin] n.公报,公告,告示;
bump [b8mp] v.(against,into)碰,撞;颠簸着前进; n.碰撞;隆起物;
bunch [b8nt5] n.(一)簇,束,捆,串;
bundle ['b8nd4l] n.捆,包,束;
burden ['b4:d4n] n.担子,负担,重担;
bureau ['bjur4u] n.署,局,司,处;
burn [b4:n] v.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤; n.烧伤,灼伤; burn out烧掉; burn up烧起来,旺起来;烧完,烧尽;
burst [b4:st] v.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作; n.突然破裂,爆发;
bury ['beri] v.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖;
bus [b8s] n.公共汽车; trolley bus无轨电车;
bush [bu5] n.灌木(从);
business ['biznis] n.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责; on business因公,因事;
busy ['bizi] a.忙的,繁忙的;(with)忙于...的; v.使忙于;
but [b4t,b8t] conj.可是,但是,而;除...外; prep.除...外; ad.只,仅仅,不过; but for除...以外,倘没有,除非;
butcher ['but54] n.屠夫,卖肉者;
butter ['b8t4] n.黄油,奶油; v.涂黄油于...上;
butterfly ['b8t4.flai] n.蝴蝶;
button ['b8t4n] n.纽扣,按钮(开关); v.扣紧;扣上纽扣;
buy [bai] v.(购)买; n.购买,买卖;
by [bai] prep.在...旁,靠近;被,由;经,沿,通过;不迟于,; 到...时为止;根据,按照;[表示方法,手段]靠,用,通过; ad.在近旁,经过; bypass/by-pass; n.旁路,迂回的旁道; by-product; n.副产品;
cabbage ['k1bid9] n.洋白菜,卷心菜;
cabin ['k1bin] n.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋;
cabinet ['k1b4nit] n.橱柜;内阁;
cable ['keib4l] n.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳; v.拍电报;
cafe [k4'fei] n.咖啡馆,(小)餐馆;
cafeteria [.k1f4'tiri4] n.自助食堂;
cage [keid9] n.鸟笼;
cake [keik] n.饼,(蛋)糕;
calculate ['k1lkj4.leit] v.计算,推算;计划,打算;
calendar ['k1l4nd4] n.日历,月历;
call [k3:l] n.叫喊,呼声;(电话)通话; v.叫(喊),招呼;把...叫做,称...为;(on,at)访问,; 拜访;打电话; call for邀请;要求,需要; call forth唤起,引起;振作起,鼓起; call off放弃,取消; call on/upon访问,拜访;号召,呼吁; call up召集,动员;打电话;使人想起;
calm [k2:m] a.(天气,海洋等)静的,平静的;镇静的,沉着的; n.平静,风平浪静; v.(使)平静;(使)镇定;
camel ['k1m4l] n.骆驼;
camera ['k1m4r4] n.照相机,摄影机;
camp [k1mp] n.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营; v.设营,宿营;
campaign [k1m'pein] n.战役;运动;
campus ['k1mp4s] n.(大学)校园;
can [k1n,k4n] aux.v.能,会;可以;可能; n.罐头; v.装罐头;
Canada ['k1n4d4] n.加拿大;
Canadian [k4'neidi4n] a.加拿大的; n.加拿大人;
canal [k4'n1l] n.运河;(沟)渠;
cancel ['k1ns4l] v.取消,把...作废;删去,划掉;
cancer ['k1ns4] n.癌;
candidate ['k1nd4deit] n.候选人,候补者;报考者;
candle ['k1nd4l] n.蜡烛;
candy ['k1ndi] n.糖果;
cannon ['k1n4n] n.大炮,火炮;
canoe [k4'nu:] n.独木舟,小游艇;
canteen [k1n'ti:n] n.食堂;
canvas ['k1nv4s] n.帆布;油画布,油画;
cap [k1p] n.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套; v.覆盖于...顶端;
capable ['keip4b4l] a.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以...的,能...的;
capacity [k4'p1s4ti] n.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力;
capital ['k1p4t4l] n.首都,首府;大写字母;资本,资金; a.首位的,最重要的,基本的;
capitalism ['k1p4t4l.iz4m] n.资本主义;
capsule ['k1ps4l] n.胶囊;太空舱;
captain ['k1ptin] n.首领,队长;船长;上尉; v.做...的首领,指挥;
captive ['k1ptiv] n.俘虏; a.被俘虏的,被监禁的;
capture ['k1pt54] v./n.捕获,俘虏; v.夺得,攻占;
car [k2:] n.车(辆),汽车;(火车)车厢;
carbon ['k2:b4n] n.碳; carbon dioxide二氧化碳;
card [k2:d] n.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片; ID card身份证; credit card信用卡;
care [kA4] n.小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,操心,照料; v.(about)关心,介意,计较; care for照管,关心;喜欢,意欲; take care小心,当心; take care of照顾,照料;承担,处理,负责;
career [k4'ri4] n.生涯,经历;专业,职业;
careful ['kA4f4l] a.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的;
cargo ['k2:g4u] n.船货,货物;
carpenter ['k2:p4nt4] n.木工,木匠;
carpet ['k2:pit] n.地毯;
carriage ['k1rid9] n.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢;
carrier ['k1ri4] n.搬运人;载体;
carrot ['k1r4t] n.胡罗卜;
carry ['k1ri] v.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带; carry off夺去; carry on继续下去,坚持下去;从事,经营; carry out贯彻,执行,实现;
cart [k2:t] n.(二轮货运)马车,手推车;
cartoon [k2:'tu:n] n.漫画,幽默画;动画片;
carve [k2:v] v.(雕)刻;
case [keis] n.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件; in any case无论如何,总之; in case假如,以防(万一),免得; in case of假使,万一; in no case决不;
cash [k15] n.现金,现款; v.兑现,付(或收)现款;
cashier [k1'5i4] n.收银员,出纳员;
cassette [k4'set] n.盒子;盒式磁带;
cast [k2:st] v.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造; n.演员表;
castle ['k2:s4l] n.城堡;
casual ['k19u4l] a.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的;
casualty ['k19ju4lti] n.伤亡人员;受害人;
cat [k1t] n.猫;
catalog/catalogue [] n.目录(册); v.编目(录); 
catch [k1t5] v.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到; catch on理解,明白; catch up with追上,赶上;
category ['k1t4.g4uri] n.种类,类目;
cathedral [k4'7i:dr4l] n.大教堂;
Catholic ['k174lik] a.天主教的; n.天主教徒;
cattle ['k1t4l] n.牛;牲口,家畜;
cause [k3:z] n.原因,理由;事业,事件,奋斗目标; v.使产生,引起;
caution ['k3:54n] n.小心,谨慎;警告,告诫; v.警告;
cautious ['k3:54s] a.(of)小心的,谨慎的;
cave [keiv] n.洞,穴;
cease [si:s] v./n.停止,中止;
ceiling ['si:li6] n.天花板;
celebrate ['sel4.breit] v.庆祝;
cell [sel] n.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池;
cellar ['sel4] n.地窑,地下室;
cement [si'ment] n.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂; v.胶合;巩固,加强;
census ['sens4s] n.人口普查(调查);
cent [sent] n.分(币);百; per cent百分之;
center/centre [] n.中心(区),中央; v.集中; 
centigrade ['sent4.greid] n./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的);
centimetre/centimetre [] n.厘米; 
central ['sentr4l] a.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的;
century ['sent5uri] n.世纪,(一)百年;
ceremony ['ser4.m4uni] n.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪;
certain ['s4:t4n] a.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的;
certainly ['s4:t4nli] ad.一定,必定,无疑;当然,行;
certainty ['s4:t4nti] n.必然,肯定;必然的事;
certificate [s4'tif4kit] n.证(明)书,执照;
chain [t5ein] n.链(条);[pl.]镣铐;一连串,一系列,连锁; v.用链条拴住;
chair [t5A4] n.椅子;主席(职位);
chairman ['t5A4m4n] n.主席,议长,会长,董事长;
chalk [t53:k] n.粉笔,白垩;
challenge ['t51lind9] n.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题; v.向...挑战;
chamber ['t5eimb4] n.房间,室;
champion ['t51mpi4n] n.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士;
chance [t52:ns] n.机会;可能性,或然性;偶然性,运气; v.碰巧,偶然发生; by chance偶然,碰巧; take a chance冒险一试;
change [t5eind9] n.改变,变化;零钱,找头; v.更换,调换,交换,互换;改变,变化;
channel ['t51n4l] n.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径;
chaos ['kei3s] n.混乱,紊乱;
chapter ['t51pt4] n.章(节),回;
character ['k1rikt4] n.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字;
characteristic [.k1r4kt4'ristik] a.(of)特有的,独特的; n.特征,特性;
characterize/characterise [] v.表示...的特性;描述...特性; 
charge [t52:d9] v.索(价),要(人)支付,收费;控告,指控;充电; n.[pl.]费用,代价;电荷,负荷; in charge (of)负责,主管; take charge of担任,负责;
charity ['t51r4ti] n.慈善(团体),仁慈,施舍;
charm [t52:m] n.吸引力,魅力;美貌; v.迷人,(使)陶醉;施魔法于;
charming ['t52:mi6] a.迷人的,可爱的;
chart [t52:t] n.图,图表;
charter ['t52:t4] v.租船,租车; n.宪章;
chase [t5eis] v./n.追逐,追求;
chat [t51t] v./n.闲谈,聊天;
cheap [t5i:p] a.便宜的;低劣的,不值钱的;
cheat [t5i:t] v.欺骗;作弊; n.骗子;欺诈,欺骗行为;
check [t5ek] v.检查,核对;制止,控制;(凭票)托运或寄存; n.(=cheque)检查,核对;方格图案,格子织物; check in办理登记手续; check out结帐后离开;检验,核查; check up/(up)on校对,检查,检验;
check/cheque [] n.支票; 
cheek [t5i:k] n.面颊,脸;
cheer [t5i4] v.(使)振奋,(使)高兴; v./n.喝彩,欢呼; cheer up使高兴,使振奋;高兴起来,振作起来;
cheerful ['t5i4f4l] a.愉快的,高兴的;
cheese [t5i:z] n.干酪,乳酪;
chemical ['kemik4l] a.化学的; n.[pl.]化学制品,化学药品;
chemist ['kemist] n.化学家;药剂师;
chemistry ['kemistri] n.化学;
cheque/check [] n.支票,空白支票;总收入; 
cherish ['t5eri5] v.珍爱;怀有;
cherry ['t5eri] n.樱桃(树);
chess [t5es] n.棋;
chest [t5est] n.胸腔,胸膛;箱,柜;
chestnut ['t5es.n8t] n.栗子,栗树;
chew [t5u:] v.咀嚼;思量;
chicken ['t5ikin] n.小鸡,小鸟;鸡(肉);
chief [t5i:f] a.主要的,首要的; n.首领,领袖;
chiefly ['t5i:fli] ad.主要地,首要地; child([pl.]children); n.小孩,儿童,儿女;
childhood ['t5aild.hud] n.幼年,童年;
childish ['t5aildi5] a.孩子气,幼稚的;
chill [t5il] n.寒冷,寒气,寒战; v.使寒冷;
chimney ['t5imni] n.烟囱;
chin [t5in] n.下巴,颏;
china ['t5ain4] n.瓷器;
China ['t5ain4] n.中国;
Chinese ['t5ai'ni:z] n.中国人;中国话;中文,汉语; a.中国(人)的,中国话的,汉语的;
chip [t5ip] n.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块;
chocolate ['t53k4lit] n.巧克力(糖),赭色;
choice [t53is] n.选择(机会),抉择;供选择的种类,选择项;入选者,; 精华; a.精选的,上等的,优等的;
choke [t54uk] v.窒息,噎住;闷塞,堵塞,阻塞;
choose [t5u:z] v.选择,挑选;甘愿;
chop [t53p] v.砍,劈,斩; n.排骨,肉块;
chorus ['k4ur4s] n.合唱队;合唱; v.异口同声地说,随声附和; in chorus一齐,一致,共同;
Christian ['krist54n] n.基督教徒; a.基督教徒的;
Christmas ['krism4s] n.圣诞节;
chronic ['kr3nik] a.(疾病)慢性的;积习难改的;严重的,坏的;
church [t54:t5] n.教堂;[C-]教会;
cigar [si'g2:] n.雪茄烟;
cigarette/cigaret [] n.香烟,纸烟,卷烟; 
cinema ['sin4m4] n.电影院;电影,影片;
circle ['s4:k4l] n.圆,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环; v.环绕,旋转;
circuit ['s4:kit] n.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路;
circular ['s4:kj4l4] a.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的; n.传单,通报;
circulate ['s4:kj4.leit] v.(使)循环,(使)流通;
circumference [s4'k8mf4r4ns] n.圆周,周围;
circumstance ['s4:k4m'st2:ns] n.[pl.]情况,形势,环境;经济情形,境况;
circus ['s4:k4s] n.马戏团,杂技团;马戏场,杂技场;
cite [sait] v.引用,引证,举(例);
citizen ['sit4z4n] n.公民;市民,居民;
city ['siti] n.城市,都市;
civil ['siv4l] a.公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;民用的;有礼貌的,; 文明的;文职的;
civilian [si'vilj4n] n.平民; a.平民的;民用的;
civilization/civilisation [] n.文明,文化; 
civilize/civilise [] v.使文明,开化; 
claim [kleim] v.要求;声称,主张;索赔; n.要求;主张,断言;索赔;权利,要求权,所有权;
clap [kl1p] v.拍手,拍,轻拍; n.拍(手),掌声,霹雳声;
clarify ['kl1r4.fai] v.澄清,阐明;
clarity ['kl1r4ti] n.清晰,明晰;
clash [kl15] v./n.碰撞; n.碰撞声;
clasp [kl2:sp] n.扣子,钩子;握手,拥抱; v.扣住,钩住;紧握,紧抱;
class [kl2:s] n.班级,年级;(一节)课;阶级,阶层;等级,类别; v.把...分类(或分等);
classic ['kl1sik] n.[pl.]杰作,名著; a.第一流的,不朽的,古典的;
classical ['kl1sik4l] a.经典的,古典(文学)的;
classification [.kl1s4f4'kei54n] n.分类,分级;
classify ['kl1s4.fai] v.分类,分等(级);
classmate ['kl2:s.meit] n.同班同学;
classroom ['kl2:s.rum] n.教室,课堂;
clause [kl3:z] n.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款;从句,分句;
claw [kl3:] n.爪,脚爪;
clay [klei] n.粘土,泥土;
clean [kli:n] a.清洁的,干净的;洁白的; v.打扫,使干净;
clear [kli4] a.清晰的,明白的;清朗的;清澈的,明亮的;畅通的,; 无阻的; ad.清楚地,清晰地,明白地; v.澄清,清除,扫清;使清澈,使清楚; clear away扫除,收拾; clear up整理,收拾;清除,解除;解释,澄清;(天气); 变晴;
clerk [kl4:k] n.职员,办事员;店员;
clever ['klev4] a.聪明的,伶俐的,机敏的,精巧的;
client ['klai4nt] n.顾客;(诉讼)委托人;
cliff [klif] n.悬崖;峭壁;
climate ['klaimit] n.气候;风气,社会思潮;
climax ['klaim1ks] n.顶点,高潮;
climb [klaim] v./n.攀登,爬;
cling [kli6] v.(to)粘住;依附;坚持;
clinic ['klinik] n.诊所;
clip [klip] v.剪,修剪;钳,夹住; n.夹,钳;回形针;
cloak [kl4uk] n.外套,斗篷; v.掩盖,掩饰;
clock [kl3k] n.钟; around/round the clock昼夜不停地;
clockwise ['kl3k.waiz] a.顺时针方向;
close [kl4us,kl4uz] v.关,闭;结束,了结; n.结束,了结; a.(to)近的,接近的;关闭着的;秘密的,不公开的;严; 密的,紧密的; ad.接近地,紧密地;
cloth [kl37] n.(一块)布,织物,衣料;
clothe [kl4u0] v.(给…)穿衣,供给...衣服;
clothes [kl4u0z,kl4uz] n.衣服;
clothing ['kl4u0i6] n.服装,被褥;
cloud [klaud] n.云(状物);遮暗物,阴影;一大群;
cloudy ['klaudi] a.多云的,阴(天)的;混浊的,模糊的;
club [kl8b] n.俱乐部,夜总会;社团;棍棒,球棒;
clue [klu:] n.线索,暗示;
clumsy ['kl8mzi] a.笨拙的,愚笨的;
cluster ['kl8st4] n.丛,群,串; v.群集,丛生;
clutch [kl8t5] v.抓住,攫住,掌握; n.离合器;
coach [k4ut5] n.(铁路)客车,长途汽车,大客车;辅导员,教练,私人; 教师; v.教练,辅导,指导;
coal [k4ul] n.煤,煤块;
coarse [k4urs] a.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的;
coast [k4ust] n.海岸,海滨;
coat [k4ut] n.外套,上衣;皮毛,表皮,涂层; v.涂上,盖上,包上;
cock [k3k] n.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关;
code [k4ud] n.代码,代号,密码;法典,法规,规划;
coffee ['k3fi] n.咖啡(色);
coherent [k4u'hir4nt] a.粘着的,粘附的;
coil [k3il] v.卷,盘绕; n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组;
coin [k3in] n.硬币,货币; v.铸造(硬币),创造(新词);
coincide [.k4uin'said] v.和...一致,相符,相同;
coincidence [k4u'insid4ns] n.巧合,巧事;一致,符合;
cold [k4uld] a.寒冷的;冷淡的; n.感冒;寒冷;
collaborate [k4'l1b4.reit] v.协作,合作;
collapse [k4'l1ps] v./n.倒坍,崩溃,垮台;
collar ['k3l4] n.衣领;环状物;
colleague ['k3li:g] n.同事,同僚;
collect ['k3lekt,k4'lekt] v.收集,搜集;领取,接走;收(税等);聚集,堆积;
collection [k4'lek54n] n.收藏(品),收集(物);
collective [k4'lektiv] n.集体; a.集体的,共同的;
college ['k3lid9] n.学院,高等专科学校,大学;
collide [k4'laid] v.碰撞,冲突;(with)抵触;
collision [k4'li94n] n.碰撞,冲突;
colonel ['k4:n4l] n.(陆军)上校;
colonial [k4'l4unj4l] a.殖民(地)的;
colonist ['k3l4nist] n.殖民者,移民;
colony ['k3l4ni] n.殖民地;
color/colour [] n.颜色,彩色;颜料;肤色; v.给...着色,染; 
column ['k3l4m] n.圆柱,柱状物;列;(报刊中的)专栏;
comb [k4um] n.梳子; v.梳(理);
combat ['k3mb1t] v./n.战斗,搏斗,格斗;
combination [.k3mb4'nei54n] n.结合,联合,合并;化合(物);
combine ['k3mbain,k4m'bain] v.(with)(使)结合,联合;(使)化合;
come [k8m] v.来,来到;出现于,产生;是,成为;开始,终于; come off实现,成功,奏效; come on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发; 展;出场,上演; come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局; 是;被解出; come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原; come through经历,脱险; come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原; come true实现,达到; come up走近,上来;发生,被提出; come up to达到,符合; come up with提出,提供;
comedy ['k3m4di] n.喜剧;喜剧性事件;
comfort ['k8mf4t] n.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问; v.安慰,使舒适;
comfortable ['k8mf4t4b4l] a.舒适的,自在的;
command [k4'm2:nd] n.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力; v.命令;指挥,统帅;
commemorate [k4'mem4.reit] v.纪念,庆祝;
commence [k4'mens] v.开始;
commend [k4'mend] v.表扬,称赞;推荐;
comment ['k3ment] n.注释,评论,意见; v.(on)注释,评论;
commerce ['k3m4:s] n.商业,贸易;
commercial [k4'm4:54l] a.商业的,商务的,贸易的;
commission [k4'mi54n] n.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费;
commit [k4'mit] v.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事);
committee [k4'miti] n.委员会,全体委员;
commodity [k4'm3d4ti] n.商品,物品;
common ['k3m4n] a.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的; in common共用,共有,共同;
commonplace ['k3m4n.pleis] a.平凡的,陈腐的;
commonsense ['k3m4n'sens] a.有常识的,明明白白的;
commonwealth ['k3m4n.wel7] n.共和国,联邦,共同体;
communicate [k4'mju:n4.keit] v.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话;
communication [k4.mju:n4'kei54n] n.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通; (工具);
communism ['k3mju.niz4m] n.共产主义;
communist ['k3mju.nist] a.共产主义的;
community [k4'mju:n4ti] n.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体;
commute [k4'mju:t] v.乘公交车辆上下班,经常乘车(或船等)往返于两地;
compact ['k3mp1kt,k4m'p1kt] a.紧密的,结实的;简明的,紧凑的; v.使紧凑,压缩;
companion [k4m'p1nj4n] n.同伴,共事者;伴侣;
company ['k8mp4ni] n.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一); 群,(一)队,(一)伙; keep company with与...交往,与...结伴;
comparable ['k3mp4r4b4l] a.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的;
comparative [k4m'p1r4tiv] a.比较的,相当的;
compare [k4m'pA4] v.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作; compare...to把...比作;
comparison [k4m'p1r4s4n] n.比较,对比,比喻,比拟; by comparison比较起来;
compartment [k4m'p2:tm4nt] n.卧车包房,(客车车厢内的)隔间;分隔的空间;
compass ['k8mp4s] n.罗盘,指南针;[pl.]圆规;
compatible [k4m'p1t4b4l] a.能和睦相处的,合得来的;兼容的;
compel [k4m'pel] v.强迫,迫使;
compensate ['k3mp4n.seit] v.(for)补偿,赔偿;
compensation [.k3mp4n'sei54n] n.补偿,赔偿;
compete [k4m'pi:t] v.比赛;竞争;
competent ['k3mp4t4nt] a.有能力的,胜任的;
competition [.k3mp4'ti54n] n.比赛;竞争;
competitive [k4m'pet4tiv] a.竞争的,比赛的;
competitor [k4m'pet4t4] n.竞争者,敌手;
compile [k4m'pail] v.编辑,汇编;
complain [k4m'plein] v.(about,of)抱怨;申诉;
complaint [k4m'pleint] n.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病;
complement ['k3mpl4.ment,'k3mpl4m4nt] v./n.补充,补足(物); n.余数;补语;
complete [k4m'pli:t] a.完全的,圆满的; v.完成,结束,使完满;
completion [k4m'pli:54n] n.完成,完满;
complex ['k3mpleks] a.复杂的;合成的,综合的; n.联合体;
complexity [k4m'pleks4ti] n.复杂(性),复杂的事物;
complicate ['k3mpl4.keit] v.(使)变复杂;
complicated ['k3mpl4.keitid] a.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的;
complication [.k3mpl4'kei54n] n.复杂,纠纷;并发症;
compliment ['k3mpl4m4nt] n.[pl.]问候,致意; n./v.称赞,恭维;
comply [k4m'plai] v.(with)照做,遵照,应允;
component [k4m'p4un4nt] n.组成部分,成分,元件,部件; a.组成的,合成的;
compose [k4m'p4uz] v.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等);
composition [.k3mp4'zi54n] n.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分;
compound ['k3mpaund,k3m'paund] n.混合物,化合物; a.混合的,化合的,复合的;
comprehend [.k3mpri'hend] v.理解,了解;
comprehension [.k3mpri'hen54n] a.理解(力),领悟;
comprehensive [.k3mpri'hensiv] a.内容广泛的,综合的;
compress ['k3mpres,k4m'pres] v.压缩,浓缩;
comprise [k4m'praiz] v.包含,包括,构成;
compromise ['k3mpr4.maiz] v./n.妥协,折衷;
compulsory [k4m'p8ls4ri] a.强制的,义务的,必修的;
compute [k4m'pju:t] v./n.计算,估计;
computer [k4m'pju:t4] n.计算机,电脑;计算者;
comrade ['k3mr1d] n.同志,同事,同伴,朋友;
conceal [k4n'si:l] v.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽;
conceive [k4n'si:v] v.(of)设想,构思,想象;以为;怀胎,怀有;
concentrate ['k3nsen.treit] v.(on)集中,专心;浓缩; n.浓缩物;
concept ['k3nsept] n.概念,观念,思想;
conception [k4n'sep54n] n.概念,观念;设想,构想;
concern [k4n's4:n] v.涉及,关系到; v./n.关心,挂念; n.(利害)关系; as/so far as...be concerned就...来说; be concened with关心,挂念,从事于;
concerning [k4n's4:ni6] prep.关于;
concert ['k3ns4t] n.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致;
concession [k4n'se54n] n.迁就,让步;
concession [k4n'se54n] n.让步,迁就;
concise [k4n'sais] a.简明的,简洁的;
conclude [k4n'klu:d] v.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定;
conclusion [k4n'klu:94n] n.结束,终结;结论,推论; in conclusion最后,总之;
concrete ['k3nkri:t] a.具体的,有形的,实质性的; n.混凝土; v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土;
condemn [k4n'dem] v.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪;
condense [k4n'dens] v.(使)压缩,(使)凝结,精简,压缩;
condition [k4n'di54n] n.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件; on condition that在...条件下;
conditional [k4n'di54n4l] a.条件的,带有条件的;
conduct ['k3nd8kt,k4n'd8kt] n.行为,举动,品行; v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,; 电等);
conductivity [.k3nd8k'tiv4ti] n.传导性,传导率;
conductor [k4n'd8kt4] n.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导; 体,导线;
confer [k4n'f4:] v.商谈,商议;授予,赋予;
conference ['k3nf4r4ns] n.会议,讨论会;
confess [k4n'fes] v.供认,承认,坦白,忏悔;
confidence ['k3nf4d4ns] n.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密;
confident ['k3nf4d4nt] n.(of,in)确信的,自信的;
confidential [.k2:nf4'den54l] a.秘密的,机密的;亲信的;
confine [k4n'fain] v.(to,within)限制,局限于;管制,禁闭;
confirm [k4n'f4:m] v.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准;
conflict ['k3nflikt,k4n'flikt] n.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突; v.(with)抵触,冲突;
conform [k4n'f3:m] v.(to)遵守,依照,符合,顺应;
confront [k4n'fr8nt] v.使面临,使遭遇;面对(危险等);
confuse [k4n'fju:z] v.使混乱,混淆;
confusion [k4n'fju:94n] n.混乱,混淆;
congratulate [k4n'gr1t54.leit] v.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词;
congratulation [k4n.gr1t54'lei54n] n.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词;
congress ['k36gr4s] n.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会;
conjunction [k4n'd986k54n] n.连接,连结;连接词;
connect [k4'nekt] v.(with)连接,连结;
connection/connexion [] n.联系,连接; in connection with/to关于; 
conquer [.k36k4,'k36k4] v.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等);
conquest ['k36kwest] n.征服;
conscience ['k3n54ns] n.良心,良知;
conscientious [.k3n5i'en54s] a.认真的,勤勤恳恳的;
conscious ['k3n54s] a.(of)意识到的,自觉的;有意识的,神志清醒的;
consciousness ['k3n54snis] n.意识,觉悟,自觉;
consensus [k4n'sens4s] n.(意见等)一致,一致同意;
consent [k4n'sent] v./n.(to)同意,赞成,答应;
consequence ['k3ns4.kwens] n.结果,后果,影响;重要性; in consequence因此,结果; in consequence of由于...的缘故;
consequently ['k3ns4.kwentli] ad.因此,所以;
conservation [.k3ns4'vei54n] n.保存,保护,保守;守恒,不灭;
conservative [k4n's4:v4tiv] a.保守的,守旧的; n.保守主义者;
consider [k4n'sid4] v.认为,把...看作;考虑,细想;体谅,照顾;
considerable [k4n'sid4r4b4l] a.相当大(或多)的,可观的;值得考虑的;
considerate [k4n'sid4rit] a.考虑周到的,体谅的;
consideration [k4nsid4'rei54n] n.需要考虑的事,理由;考虑,思考;体谅,照顾;
consist [k4n'sist] v.(in)在于,存在于;(of)由…组成,由...构成;
consistent [k4n'sist4nt] a.(with)前后一致的,始终如一的;
consolidate [k4n's3l4.deit] v.巩固,加强;
conspicuous [k4n'spikju4s] a.显眼的,明显的;
constant ['k3nst4nt] a.经常的,不断的;坚定的,永恒的,忠实的; n.常数,恒量;
constituent [k4n'stit5u4nt] a.形成的,组成的; n.成分,要素;
constitute ['k3nst4.tju:t] v.组成,构成;
constitution [.k3nst4'tju:54n] n.构成,构造,组成(方式),成分;体格,体质;宪法;
construct ['k3nstr8kt,k4n'str8kt] v.建设,建造,构造;创立;
consult [k4n's8lt] v.与...商量,请教;查阅;(with)商量,商议;
consultant [k4n's8lt4nt] n.会诊医师,顾问医生;顾问;
consume [k4n'sju:m,k4n'su:m] v.消费,消费,耗尽;
consumption [k4n's8mp54n] n.消费(量),消耗;
contact ['k3nt1kt,k4n't1kt] v./n.(使)接触,联系,交往;
contain [k4n'tein] v.包含,容纳,装有;等于,相等于;
container [k4n'tein4] n.容器;集装箱;
contemporary [k4n'temp4.reri] a.现代的,当代的;同时代的;
contempt [k4n'tempt] n.轻蔑,藐视;
contend [k4n'tend] v.竞争,斗争;坚决主张;
content ['k3ntent,k4n'tent] n.容量,含量,内容,[pl.]目录;满足,愿意; a.(with)满足的,愿意的;
contest ['k3ntest,k4n'test] n.竞争,竞赛,比赛; v.竞争,比赛,争论;
context ['k3ntekst] n.上下文,文章前后关系;
continent ['k3nt4n4nt] n.大陆,洲;
continual [k4n'tinju4l] a.不断的,连续的,频繁的;
continue [k4n'tinju,k4n'tinju:] v.继续,连续,延伸;
continuous [k4n'tinju4s] a.连续的,持续的;
contract ['k3ntr1kt,k4n'tr1kt] n.契约,合同,包工; v.缩小,缩短;订(约);
contradict [.k3ntr4'dikt] v.反驳;同...矛盾,同...抵触;
contrary ['k3ntreri,k4n'treri] a.(to)相反的,矛盾的,对抗的; n.反对,矛盾;相反,反面;[pl.]对立物; on the contrary反之,正相反;
contrast ['k3n.tr1st,k4n'tr1st] v.(with)使与...对比,使与...对照,和...形成对照; n.对照,对比,差异; in contrast with/to与...成反比;
contribute [k4n'tribju:t] v.(to)贡献,捐助,捐献;投稿;
contribution [.k3ntr4'bju:54n] n.贡献;捐献(物);
contrive [k4n'traiv] v.设法做到;谋划,策划;
control [k4n'tr4ul] n.(over)控制,支配; v.控制,支配; out of control失去控制; under control被控制住;
controversial [.k3ntr4'v4:54l] a.引起争论的,有争议的;
convenience [k4n'vi:nj4ns] n.便利,方便;[pl.]便利设备;
convenient [k4n'vi:nj4nt] a.(to)便利的,方便的;
convention [k4n'ven54n] n.大会,会议;惯例,常规,习俗;公约,协定;
conventional [k4n'ven54n4l] a.惯例的,常规的;
conversation [.k3nv4'sei54n] n.会话,谈话;
conversely [k4n'v4:sli] ad.相反地;
conversion [k4n'v4:54n] n.变换,转化;
convert ['k3nv4:t,k4n'v4:t] v.变换,转化;
convey [k4n'vei] v.运送,搬运,转运;传达,传播;
convict ['k3nvikt,k4n'vikt] v.(经审讯)证明...有罪,宣判...有罪; n.囚犯;
conviction [k4n'vik54n] n.深信,确信;
convince [k4n'vins] v.(of)使信服,使确信;
cook [kuk] n.炊事员,厨师; v.烹调,煮,烧;
cool [ku:l] a.凉的,凉爽的;冷静的,沉着的,冷淡的; v.(使)冷却,(使)镇静;
cooperate [k4u'3p4.reit] v.(with)合作,协作,相配合;
cooperative [k4u'3p4.reitiv] a.合作的,协作的; n.合作社;
coordinate [k4u'3:d4neit] a.同等的,并列的;坐标的; n.坐标;
cope [k4up] v.(with)竞争,对抗;(with)对付,应付,妥善处理;
copper ['k3p4] n.铜;铜币,铜制器;
copy ['k3pi] n.抄本,副本,拷贝,复制品;(一)本,(一)册; v.誊写,临摹,复制;
cord [k3:d] n.绳,索;
cordial ['k3:d94l] a.诚恳的,亲切的,热诚的;
core [k4ur,k3:] n.果核;中心,核心;
corn [k3:n] n.谷物,庄稼,玉米;
corner ['k3:n4] n.角(落),(街道)拐角;
corporation [.k3:p4'rei54n] n.公司,企业,团体;
correct [k4'rekt] a.正确的,恰当的,合适的,端正的; v.改正,纠正,矫正;
correspond [.k3ri'sp3nd] v.通信,(with)符合,一致;(to)相当于,对应;
correspondence [.k3r4'sp3nd4ns] n.通信,信件;(with)符合,一致;(to)相当于,对应;
correspondent [.k3ri'sp3nd4nt] n.记者,通讯员;通信者;
corresponding [.k3ri'sp3ndi6] a.符合的,相应的,对应的;
corridor ['k3rid4] n.走廊,通路;
corrode [k4'r4ud] v.(受)腐蚀,侵蚀;
corrupt [k4'r8pt] v.贿赂,收买; a.腐败的,贪污的;
cosmic ['k3zmik] a.宇宙的;
cost [k3st] n.成本,费用,代价; v.值值为,花费; at all costs不惜任何代价,无论如何; at the cost of以...为代价;
costly ['k3stli] a.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的;
cottage ['k3tid9] n.村舍,小屋,别墅;
cotton ['k3tn] n.棉花;棉线,棉纱;棉制品;
couch [kaut5] n.睡椅,长沙发椅;
cough [k3f] v./n.咳嗽;
could [kud] aux.v.can的过去式;[用于语气婉转的请求]能;[用; 于虚拟语气]能,可以;
council ['kauns4l] n.理事会,委员会,议事机构;
counsel ['kauns4l] v./n.劝告,忠告; n.法律顾问,辩护人;
count [kaunt] v.数,计算;算入;看作,认为; n.计数,计算,总数; count on依靠,期待,指望; count up把...相加;
counter ['kaunt4] n.柜台;计数器; a./ad.相反(的); v.反对,反击;
counterpart ['kaunt4.p2:t] n.对应的人(或物);
country ['k8ntri] n.国家;农村,乡下;
countryside ['k8ntri.said] n.乡下,农村;
county ['kaunti] n.[英国]郡,[美国]县;
couple ['k8p4l] n.(一)对,(一)双;夫妇;力偶,电偶; v.连接,结合;
courage [.k4:id9] n.勇气,胆量;
course [k4urs] n.课程,教程;过程,进程;路程,路线;一道菜; in the course of在...过程中,在...期间; of course当然,自然,无疑;
court [k4urt,k3:t] n.法院,法庭;宫廷,朝廷;院子;球场;
courtesy ['k4:t4si] n.谦恭有礼;有礼貌的举止(或言词); by courtesy of蒙...的好意(或准许),蒙...提供(或; 赠送);由于的...作用;
cousin ['k8z4n,'k8zn] n.堂(或表)兄弟,堂(或表)姐妹;
cover ['k8v4] v.覆盖,遮蔽,包括,涉及; n.盖子,套子;(书的)封面; cover up掩饰,掩盖;
cow [kau] n.母牛,奶牛;
coward ['kau4d] n.懦夫,胆怯者;
crab [kr1b] n.螃蟹,蟹肉;
crack [kr1k] n.裂纹,裂缝,缝隙;破裂声,爆裂声; v.(使)破裂,砸开;(使)发出爆裂声;
cradle ['kreid4l] n.摇篮;发源地;
craft [kr2:ft] n.工艺,手艺,技巧;飞机,飞船;
crane [krein] n.起重机,鹤;
crash [kr15] v./n.碰撞,坠落,摔坏; n.失败,瓦解;撞击声,爆裂声;
crawl [kr3:l] v./n.爬行,蠕动;缓慢(的)行进;
crazy ['kreizi] a.疯狂的,古怪的,蠢的;(about)狂热的,热衷的;
cream [kri:m] n.乳脂,(鲜)奶油;奶油色;
create [kri'eit] v.创造,创作;引起,造成,建立;
creative [kri'eitiv] a.有创造力的,创造性的;
creature ['kri:t54] n.人,动物;生物;
credit ['kredit] v./n.信用,信任; n.信用贷款,赊欠;名誉,名望;光荣,功劳;学分;
creep [kri:p] v.爬,爬行;(植物)蔓延;
crew [kru:] n.全体船员,全体乘务员;
cricket ['krikit] n.板球;蟋蟀;
crime [kraim] n.罪行,犯罪;
criminal ['krim4n4l] n.罪犯,刑事犯; a.犯罪的,刑事的;
cripple ['krip4l] n.跛子,残疾人; v.使跛,使残疾; crisis([pl.]crises); n.危机,紧要关头;
crisp [krisp] a.脆的,易碎的; criterion([pl.]criteria); n.标准,准则;
critic ['kritik] n.批评家,评论家;
critical ['kritik4l] a.批评的,评论的;危急,紧要的;临界的;
criticism ['krit4.siz4m] n.批评,评论;
criticize/criticise [] v.批评,评论; 
crop [kr3p] n.作物,庄稼;(谷类等的)一熟收成;一批,大量;
cross [kr3:s,kr3s] n.十字形,十字架; a.交叉的,横穿的;易怒的,发怒的; v.越过,穿过;(使)交叉,(使)相交; cross out删去,取消;
crow [kr4u] n.乌鸦; v./n.鸡啼,鸣叫;
crowd [kraud] n.人群;一群,一伙; v.聚集,群集;挤满,拥挤;
crown [kraun] n.王冠,冕;君权,君王; v.为...加冕;
crucial ['kru:54l] a.至关重要的,决定性的;
crude [kru:d] a.天然的,未加工的;生的,未熟的;粗鲁的,粗野的;
cruel ['kru:4l] a.残忍的,残酷的;
cruelty ['kru:4lti] n.残忍,残酷(行为);
crush [kr85] n./v.压碎,压坏; v.压服,压垮;
crust [kr8st] n.外皮,壳;地壳;
cry [krai] v.哭(泣),流泪;叫,喊;
crystal ['krist4l] n.水晶,水晶饰品;结晶,晶体; a.水晶的,晶体的,透明的;
cube [kju:b] n.立方形,立方体;立方,三次幂;
cubic ['kju:bik] a.立方体的,立方形的;三次的,立方的;
cucumber ['kju:k4mb4] n.黄瓜;
cue [kju:] n.揭示;暗示,信号; on cue恰好在这时候; take one’s cue from学...的样,听...的劝告;
cultivate ['k8lt4.veit] v.耕作,栽培,养殖;培养,教养,磨炼;
culture ['k8lt54] n.修养,教养;文化,文明;
cunning ['k8ni6] a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的);
cup [k8p] n.杯子;奖杯,优胜杯;(一)杯,一杯的容量;
cupboard ['k8b4d] n.碗柜,小橱;
cure [kju4] v.(of)治愈,医治;矫正,纠正; n.治愈,痊愈;良药,疗法;
curiosity [.kjuri'3s4ti] n.好奇心;古董,古玩;
curious ['kjuri4s] a.好奇的,稀奇的;
curl [k4:l] v.(使)卷曲,蜷缩; n.卷发;卷曲状;卷曲物;
currency ['k4:4nsi] n.通货,货币;
current ['k4:4nt] n.电流,水流,气流;潮流,趋势; a.当前的,现在的;通用的,流行的; curriculum([pl.]curricula); n.课程,(学校等的)全部课程;
curse [k4:s] v./n.诅咒,咒骂;
curtain ['k4:t4n] n.窗帘,门帘;幕(布);
curve [k4:v] n.曲线,弯曲(物); v.弄弯,成曲形;
cushion ['ku54n] n.垫子,软垫;
custom ['k8st4m] n.习惯,风俗,惯例;[pl.]海关,关税;
customary ['k8st4m.eri] a.习惯的,惯例的;
customer ['k8st4m4] n.顾客,主顾;
cut [k8t] n./v.切,割,剪,砍,削;削减,删节; n.切口,伤口; cut across走捷径,抄近路; cut back削减,降低; cut down削减,减少; cut in(汽车)抢挡;插嘴,打断; cut off切断,使隔绝;前去,删去;打断,停止; cut out删除; cut short突然停止;
cycle ['saik4l] n.自行车;周期,循环; v.骑自行车;循环;
cylinder ['silind4] n.圆筒,圆锥体;汽缸;
dad [d1d] n.爸爸;
daily ['deili] a.每日的; ad.每日,天天; n.日报;
dairy ['deri] n.牛奶场,奶店;
dam [d1m] n.水坝,水闸;
damage ['d1mid9] v./n.损害,毁坏; n.[pl.]损害赔偿费;
damp [d1mp] a.有湿气的,潮湿的;
dance [d2:ns] v.跳舞; n.舞蹈,舞会;
danger ['deind94] n.危险,威胁,危险物; in danger在危险中,垂危; out of danger脱离危险;
dangerous ['deind94r4s] a.危险的,不安全的;
dare [dA4] v.敢,胆敢;
daring ['deri6] a.胆大的,敢作敢为的dark; a.黑暗的,暗的;深色的,黑色的;隐藏的; n.黑暗,暗处;
darling ['d2:li6] n.心爱的人,亲爱的;
dash [d15] v./n.冲,猛冲,突进; n.破折号;
date [deit] n.日期,年代; v.注明...的日期; n./v.约会; out of date过期; to date到目前为止; up to date时新的; datum([pl.]data); n.数据,资料;
daughter ['d3:t4] n.女儿;
dawn [d3:n] n.黎明,拂晓; v.破晓;开始现出;
day [dei] n.白昼,白天;(一)天;
daylight ['dei.lait] n.日光,白昼,黎明;
daytime ['dei.taim] n.白天,日间;
dazzle ['d1z4l] v.使惊奇,使倾斜;使眩目,耀(眼); n.耀眼的光;令人赞叹的东西;
dead [ded] a.死的,无感觉的;
deadline ['ded.lain] n.最后期限;
deadly ['dedli] a.致命的,致死的;
deaf [def] a.聋的;不愿听的;
deafen ['def4n] v.震聋;震耳欲聋;
deal [di:l] v.处理;给予;做买卖,经营; deal with处理,对付,安排;
deal [di:l] n.数量,程度;交易; a great/good deal of大量(的),许多(的);
dealer ['di:l4] n.商人,贩子;
dear [di4] a.昂贵的;亲爱的;(to)珍贵的; int.[表示惊讶,怜悯等]呵!哎呀!;
death [de7] n.死亡;灭亡,毁灭;
debate [di'beit] v./n.争论,辩论;
debt [det] n.债,债务; in bebt欠债,欠情;
decade ['dekeid] n.十年;
decay [di'kei] v./n.腐朽,腐烂;衰减,衰退;
deceit [di'si:t] n.欺骗,欺骗行为;
deceive [di'si:v] v.欺骗,蒙蔽;
December [di'semb4] n.十二月;
decent ['di:s4nt] a.体面的,像样的;正派的,合乎礼仪的;
decide [di'said] v.决定,下决心;解决,裁决;
decided [di'saidid] a.决定了的的,坚决的;明显的,明确的;
decimal ['desim4l] a.十进的,小数的,十进制的; n.小数;
decision [di'si94n] n.决定,决心;决议;决策;
decisive [di'saisiv] a.决定性的;
deck [dek] n.甲板;
declaration [.dekl4'rei54n] n.宣言,宣布,声明;
declare [di'klA4] v.宣布,宣告,声明;断言,宣称;
decline [di'klain] v./n.下倾,下降,下垂,衰落;斜面,倾斜; v.拒绝,谢绝;
decompose [.di:k4m'p4uz] v.分解;
decorate ['dek4.reit] v.装饰,装璜,布置;
decorative ['dek4r4tiv] a.装饰的,装璜的;
decrease ['di:kri:s,di'kri:s] v./n.减少,减小;
dedicate ['ded4.keit] v.奉献,把...用在;
deduce [di'dju:s] v.(from)演绎,推断;
deed [di:d] n.行为,行动;功绩,事迹;
deem [di:m] v.认为,相信;
deep [di:p] a.深的,深刻的,深切的; ad.深迟;
deepen ['di:p4n] v.(使)变深,(使)变浓;
deeply ['di:pli] ad.深深地;
deer [di4] n.鹿;
defeat [di'fi:t] v./n.战胜,挫败; n.失败;
defect [di'fekt] n.缺点,缺陷;
defend [di'fend] v.防守,保卫;为...辩护,为...答辩;
defense/defence [] n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩; 
deficiency [di'fi54nsi] n.缺乏,不足;缺陷;
deficit ['def4sit,'defisit] n.赤字,逆差;
define [di'fain] v.给…下定义;限定,规定;
definite ['def4nit] a.明确的,肯定的,限定的;
definition [.def4'ni54n] n.定义,解释;
deform [di'f3:m] v.(使)变形;
deformation [.di:f3:'mei54n] n.变形;
defy [di'fai] v.(公然)违抗,反抗;蔑视;
degenerate [di'd9en4.reit,di'd9en4.rit] v.衰退,堕落,蜕化; a.堕落的; n.堕落者;
degree [di'gri:] n.程度;度数;学位;等级;
delay [di'lei] v./n.耽搁,延迟;
delegation [.del4'gei54n] n.代表团;
deliberate [di'lib4rit] a.深思熟虑的,故意的;
delicate ['del4k4t] a.纤弱的;精致的;微妙的;灵敏的;
delicious [di'li54s] a.美味的;
delight [di'lait] n.快乐,高兴; v.(使)高兴,(使)欣喜; take delight in以...为乐;
deliver [di'liv4] v.交付,递送;发表,表达;释放;接生;
delivery [di'liv4ri] n.传递,传送,交付;
demand [di'm2:nd] n./v.要求,请求,需要(量); v.查问;
democracy [di'm3kr4si] n.民主,民主制,民主国家;
democratic [.dem4'kr1tik] a.民主的;
demonstrate ['dem4n.streit] v.论证,证实;演示,说明;
denial [di'nai4l] n.否认;拒绝,拒绝给予;
denote [di'n4ut] v.表示,意味着;
dense [dens] a.浓厚的,密集的,稠密的;
density ['dens4ti] n.密集,密度,浓度;
dentist ['dentist] n.牙医;
deny [di'nai] v.否认,否定;拒绝;
depart [di'p2:t] v.离开,起程;
department [di'p2:tm4nt] n.部,局,处,科,部门;系,学部;
departure [di'p2:t54] n.离开,起程;
depend [di'pend] v.(on)取决于,依靠,信赖,相信;
dependence [di'pend4ns] n.(on)依靠;依赖;信赖;
dependent [di'pend4nt] a.依靠的,依赖的,从属的;随...而定的;
depict [di'pikt] v.描绘;描写,描述;
deposit [di'p3zit] v.存放;储蓄;使沉淀;付(保证金); n.存款,保证金;沉积物;
deposition [.dep4'zi54n] n.沉积作用,沉积物;
depress [di'pres] v.压抑,降低;使沮丧,压下;
deprive [di'praiv] v.夺去,使丧失;
depth [dep7] n.深度,深奥,深刻;
deputy ['depj4ti] n.代理人,代表; a.副的,代理的;
derive [di'raiv] v.取得,导出,引申; derive from导出;由...来;
descend [di'send] v.下来,下降;
descendant [di'send4nt] n.子孙,后代;
descent [di'sent] n.下降,降下;斜坡;血统,家世;
describe [di'skraib] v.描述,形容;
description [di'skrip54n] n.描写,形容;种类;
desert ['dez4t,di'z4:t] n.沙漠,不毛之地; v.抛弃,遗弃;擅离,开小差;
deserve [di'z4:v] v.应受,值得;
design [di'zain] v.设计,构思,绘制; n.设计,图样;
designate ['dezig.neit] v.指明,指出;
desirable [di'zair4b4l] a.称心的,期望得到的;
desire [di'zai4] v./n.愿望,欲望,要求;
desk [desk] n.书桌,办公桌,服务台;
desolate ['des4l.eit,'des4lit] a.荒凉的;孤独的; v.使荒芜;
despair [di'spA4] n.绝望; v.(of)对...绝望;
despatch [di'sp1t5]
v./n.dispatch [] 
desperate ['desp4rit] a.绝望的;不顾一切的,拼死的;
despise [di'spaiz] v.轻视,蔑视;
despite [di'spait] prep.不管,不顾;
dessert [di'z4:t] n.正餐后的水果或甜食;
destination [.dest4'nei54n] n.目的地,终点;
destiny ['dest4ni] n.命运;天数,天命;
destroy [di'str3i] v.破坏,摧毁,消灭;
destruction [di'str8k54n] n.破坏,消灭;
destructive [di'str8ktiv] a.破坏性;
detach [di't1t5] v.分开,拆开;
detai [] n.细节,详情; v.详述; in detail详细地; 
detain [di'tein] v.耽搁;扣押,拘留;
detect [di'tekt] v.察觉,发觉,侦察,探测;
detective [di'tektiv] n.侦探;
detector [di'tekt4] n.探测器;
deteriorate [di'tiri4.reit] v.(使)恶化,(使)变坏;
determine [di't4:min] v.决心,决定;确定,限定;
develop [di'vel4p] v.发展,开发,研制;显现,显影;发育,生长;
deviate ['di:vi.eit] v.(from)背离,偏离;
device [di'vais] n.装置,设备,仪表;方法,设计;
devil ['dev4l] n.魔鬼;
devise [di'vaiz] v.设计,想出,发明;
devote [di'v4ut] v.(to)奉献,致力;
devotion [di'v4u54n] n.献身,忠诚;
dew [dju:] n.露水;
diagnose ['dai4gn4uz] v.诊断;
diagram ['dai4.gr1m] n.图解,图表;
dial ['dai4l] n.钟(表)面,刻度盘,拨号盘; v.拨号,打电话;
dialect ['dai4lekt] n.方言;
dialog/dialogue [] n.对话,对白; 
diameter [dai'1m4t4] n.直径;
diamond ['dai4m4nd] n.金钢石,钻石;菱形;
diary ['dai4ri] n.日记,日记簿;
dictate ['dik.teit,dik'teit] v.口授,(使)听写;命令;
dictation [dik'tei54n] n.听写,口述;命令;
dictator ['dik.teit4] n.独裁者,专制者;
dictionary ['dik54n.eri] n.词典,字典;
die [dai] v.死; die down渐渐消失,平息; die off相继死去; die out消失,灭绝;
diet ['dai4t] n.饮食,食物; be on a diet节食;
differ ['dif4] v.(from)与...不同;(with)与...意见不同;
difference ['dif4r4ns,'difr4ns] n.差别,差异,分歧; make a/the difference有影响,很重要;
different ['dif4r4nt,'difr4nt] a.差异的,差异的,不同的;
differentiate [.dif4'ren5i.eit] v.区分,区别;(使)不同;
difficult ['dif4.k4lt] a.困难的,艰难的;
difficulty ['dif4.k8lti] n.困难,困境,难题;
diffuse [di'fju:s,di'fju:z] v.扩散;传播,散布; a.(文章等)冗长的,漫无边际的;四散的,弥漫的;
dig [dig] v.挖,掘;
digest [dai'd9est] v.消化; n.摘要,文摘;
digital ['did9it4l] a.数字的;
dignity ['dign4ti] n.(举止,态度等的)庄严,端庄;尊贵,高贵;
dilemma [d4'lem4] n.(进退两难的)窘境,困境;
diligent ['dil4d94nt] a.勤奋的,用功的;
dim [dim] a.暗淡的,模糊的;
dimension [di'men54n] n.尺寸,尺度;维(数),度(数);
diminish [d4'mini5] v.缩小,减少,递减;
dine [dain] v.吃饭,进餐;
dinner ['din4] n.正餐,宴会;
dip [dip] v./n.浸,蘸;
diploma [di'pl4um4] n.毕业文凭,学位证书;
diplomatic [.dipl4'm1tik] a.外交的,从事外交的;策略的,有手腕的;
direct [d4'rekt] a./ad.径直的(地),直接的(地); v.管理,指导;(at,to)指向,针对;
direction [d4'rek54n] n.方向,方位;指令,说明;
directly [d4'rektli] ad.直接地,径直地;马上,立即;
director [d4'rekt4] n.指导者,主任,导演;
directory [d4'rekt4ri] n.人名地址录,(电话)号码簿;
dirt [d4:t] n.污物,污垢;
dirty ['d4:ti] a.弄脏的;下流的; v.弄脏,玷污;
disable [dis'eib4l] v.使残废;
disadvantage [.dis4d'v1ntid9] n.不利,不利条件;损害;
disagree [.dis4'gri:] v.(with)意见不同;不一致;
disappear [.dis4'pi4] v.不见,消失;
disappoint [.dis4'p3int] v.使失望,使扫兴;
disaster [di'z2:st4] n.灾难,天灾;
disastrous [diz'2:str4s] a.灾难性的; disc(also disk); n.圆盘,圆面,盘状物;
discard ['disk2:d,dis'k2:d] v.丢弃,抛弃;
discern [di'z4:n] v.认出,发现;辨别,识别;
discharge [dis't52:d9] v./n.卸货,排出,流出;发射,放(电);释放,遣散,解; 雇;解除;
discipline ['dis4plin] n.纪律,学科;
disclose [dis'kl4uz] v.揭示,泄露;
discount ['diskaunt] n./v.折扣;
discourage [dis'k4:id9] v.使泄气,使失去信心;
discover [di'sk8v4,dis'k8v4] v.发现,显示;
discovery [dis'k8v4ri] n.发现;被发现的事物;
discriminate [di'skrim4.neit] v.区别,辨别;(against)有差别地对待,歧视;
discuss [di'sk8s] v.讨论,商议;
disease [di'zi:z] n.疾病;
disgrace [dis'greis] n.失宠,耻辱; v.使失宠;玷辱,使蒙羞;
disguise [dis'gaiz] n./v.假装,伪装;
disgust [dis'g8st] n.厌恶,恶心; v.使厌恶;
dish [di5] n.碟子,盘子,菜肴;
dishonor/dishonour [] n.不光彩,不名誉; v.使丢脸,凌辱; 
dislike [dis'laik] n./v.不喜欢,厌恶;
dismay [dis'mei] n./v.(使)惊恐,(使)惊愕;(使)失望,(使)绝望;
dismiss [dis'mis] v.免职,解雇,开除,解散;
disorder [dis'3:d4] n.混乱,杂乱;骚乱;失调,疾病;
dispatch/despatch [] v.派遣,调遣,发送; n.(公文)急件,书信;新闻报道; 
disperse [di'sp4:s] v.分散,驱散,解散;
displace [dis'pleis] v.移置,转移;取代,置换;
displacement [dis'pleism4nt] n.移置;取代;位移;排水量;
display [di'splei] v./n.陈列,展览,显示;
displease [dis'pli:z] v.使不快,使生气;
disposal [di'sp4uz4l] n.处理,处置;布置,安排;
dispose [di'sp4uz] v.(of)处理,处置;(for)布置,安排;
dispute [di'spju:t] v.争论,争执;
disregard [.disri'g2:d] v./n.不管,不顾;
dissatisfy [dis's1tis.fai] v.(with,at)使不满,使不平;
dissolve [di'z3lv] v.(使)溶解,(使)融化;解散,取消;
distance ['dist4ns] n.距离,间隔,远方,路程; in the distance在远处;
distant ['dist4nt] a.远的,久远的;
distillation [.dist4l'ei54n] n.蒸馏,蒸馏法;
distinct [di'sti6kt] a.清楚的,明显的;(from)截然不同的;
distinction [di'sti6k54n] n.差别,区分;
distinguish [di'sti6gwi5] v.(from)区别,辨别;辨认出;使杰出;
distort [dis't3:t] v.歪曲,扭曲;
distract [di'str1kt] v.分散,打扰;迷惑,扰乱;
distress [di'stres] n.苦恼;危难;不幸; v.使苦恼;
distribute [di'stribju:t,di'stribjut] v.分配;分布;配(电);(over)散布;
district ['distrikt] n.地区,行政区;
disturb [dis't4:b] v.扰乱,妨碍,使不安;
disturbance [dis't4:b4ns] n.动乱,骚乱,干扰;
ditch [dit5] n.沟,沟渠,水沟;
dive [daiv] v./n.潜水,跳水,俯冲;
diverse [dai'v4:s] a.多种多样的,(from)不同的;
diversion [dai'v494n] n.转向,转移;
divide [d4'vaid] v.分,划分,分开;分配;(by)除;
division [d4'vi94n] n.分,分割;部门,科,处;除法;
divorce [d4'v4urs] v./n.离婚,分离;
dizzy ['dizi] a.头晕目眩的,眩晕的;(可能)使人头晕的,极高的;
do [du:] v.做,干;制作,产生;研究,算出;行,合适; do away with废除,去掉; do without没有...也行; have nothing to do with和...毫无关系; have (something) to do with和...有(点)关系;
dock [d3k] n.船坞,码头;
doctor ['d3kt4] n.博士,医生;
doctrine ['d3ktrin] n.教义,教条,主义;
document ['d3kj4.ment,'d3kj4m4nt] n.公文,文献;
documentary [.d3kj4'ment4ri] a.文献的; n.记录片;
dog [d3g] n.狗; hot dog红肠面包,热狗;
doll [d3l] n.玩偶,玩具娃娃;
dollar ['d3l4] n.[美国,加拿大等国货币单位]美元,加元;
domain [d4u'mein] n.(活动,思想等)领域,范围;领地;努力范围;
dome [d4um] n.圆屋顶;
domestic [d4'mestik] a.家里的;本国的;驯养的;
dominant ['d3m4n4nt] a.支配的,统治的,占优势的;
dominate ['d3m4.neit] v.支配,统治,控制;占优势;
donkey ['d36ki] n.驴;
doom [du:m] n.厄运,劫数; v.注定,命定;
door [d4ur] n.门; next door隔壁; out of doors在户外;
doorway ['d4ur.wei] n.门口;
dormitory/dorm [] n.(集体)宿舍; 
dose [d4us] n.剂量,一服,一剂; v.(给...)服药;
dot [d3t] n.点,圆点; v.在...上打点;
double ['d8b4l] a.双的,两倍的; v.使加倍,翻一番; double up弯腰,把...折起来;
doubt [daut] n./v.怀疑,疑虑; no doubt无疑,必定;
doubtful ['dautf4l] a.(of,about)怀疑的,可疑的;
dove [d8v] n.鸽子;
down [daun] ad.向下;(to)直到;由大到小;平息下去;处于低落状; 态; prep.下,顺...向下;
downstairs [.daun'stA4z] ad.在楼下,往楼下;
downtown [.daun'taun] ad.在(或往)城市的商业区; n./a.城市商业区(的);
downward ['daunw4d] a.向下的; ad.(also downwards)向下,往下;
doze [d4uz] v./n.瞌睡;假寐; doze off打瞌睡;
dozen ['d8z4n] n.一打,十二个;
draft [dr1ft,dr2:ft] n.草稿,草案,草图; v.起草,草拟;
drag [dr1g] v.拖,拖曳;
dragon ['dr1g4n] n.龙;
drain [drein] n.排水沟,阴沟;消耗,负担; v.排去,放干;
drama ['dr2:m4] n.剧本,戏剧;戏剧性事件或场面;
dramatic [dr4'm1tik] a.戏剧的,戏剧性的;剧烈的;
drastic ['dr1stik] a.激烈的,严厉的;
draw [dr3:] v.拉;画;汲取;提取;引出;(to,towards)挨近; n.平局; draw in(火车,汽车)到站; draw on动用,利用;吸,抽(烟); draw up写出,画出;草拟;停住;
drawback ['dr3:.b1k] n.欠缺,缺点;
drawer ['dr3:4] n.抽屉;
drawing ['dr3i6] n.绘图,图样;
dread [dred] v./n.恐惧,担心;
dream [dri:m] n./v.梦,梦想,幻想;
dress [dres] n.服装,童装,女装; v.穿衣,打扮; dress up穿上盛装,打扮得漂漂亮亮;
drift [drift] v./n.漂,漂流;
drill [dril] v./n.练习,操练;钻孔;
drink [dri6k] v.饮,喝,饮酒; n.饮料;
drip [drip] v.滴下,漏水; n.滴,水滴,点滴;
drive [draiv] v.开(车),驾驶;驱,赶;驱动,把(钉,桩)打入; n.驾驶,驱车旅行;
driver ['draiv4] n.驾驶员;
drop [dr3p] n.滴;落下;微量; v.落下;下降;失落; drop by/in顺便来访; drop off减弱,减少; drop out退出,离队;
drought [draut] n.旱灾,干旱;
drown [draun] v.溺死,淹没;
drug [dr8g] n.药物;麻醉品;毒品; v.下麻药;
drum [dr8m] n.鼓;圆桶;
drunk [dr86k] a.酒醉的;
dry [drai] a.干的,干旱的;口渴的;枯燥的; v.使干燥,晒干;
dubious ['dju:bi4s] a.有问题的,靠不住的;(值得)怀疑的;犹豫不决的;
duck [d8k] n.鸭;
due [dju:] a.(to)应支付的;(车,船等)预定应到达的;应有的; due to由于,因为;
dull [d8l] a.单调的;迟钝的,愚笨的;不锋利的;
dumb [d8m] a.哑的,无言的;
dump [d8mp] v.倾倒,倾卸; n.垃圾场;
duplicate ['dju:pl4.keit,'dju:pl4kit] n.复制品,副本; v.复写,复制,使加倍; a.复制的,二重的,二倍的;
durable ['djur4b4l] a.持久的,耐久的;
duration [dju'rei54n] n.持久;期间;持续时间;
during ['djuri6] prep.在...期间;
dusk [d8sk] n.薄暮,黄昏;
dust [d8st] n.灰尘,尘土; v.拂,掸;
duty ['dju:ti] n.义务,责任;职务;税; off duty下班; on duty值班,上班;
dwell [dwel] v.住,居留; dwell on凝思;详述;
dwelling ['dweli6] n.住宅,寓所;
dye [dai] n.染料; v.染,染色;
dying ['daii6] a.垂死的,临终的; dynamic(al); a.动力的,电动的;有生气的;
dynasty ['dain4sti] n.王朝,朝代;
each [i:t5] a./pron.各,各自的,每; each other互相;
eager ['i:g4] a.(for)渴望的,热切的;
eagle ['i:g4l] n.鹰;
ear [i4] n.耳朵;听力;穗;
early ['4:li] a.早的,早期的,及早的; ad.早,在初期;
earn [4:n] v.赚得,挣得,获得;
earnest ['4:nist] a.热心的,诚挚的;
earnings ['4:ni6z] n.[pl.]收入,收益;
earth [4:7] n.地球;土,泥;陆地;地上; on earth究竟,到底;在世界上;
earthenware ['4:74n.wA4] n.陶器;
earthquake/quake [] n.地震; 
ease [i:z] v.减轻;使舒适,使安心; n.容易;舒适,悠闲;
easily ['i:zili] ad.容易地,不费力地;
east [i:st] n.东,东方,东部; a.东方的,东部的; the Middle East中东;
Easter ['i:st4] n.复活节;
eastern ['i:st4n] a.东方的,东部的;
eastward ['i:stw4d] ad.(also eastwards)向东; a.向东的;
easy ['i:zi] a.容易的,不费力的,安逸的,宽裕的;
eat [i:t] v.吃,喝(汤);
echo ['ek4u] v./n.回声,反响,共鸣;
eclipse [i'klips] n.日食,月食;
ecology [i'k3l4d9i] n.生态学;
economic [.i:k4'n3mik] a.经济(上)的,经济学的;
economical [.i:k4'n3mik4l] a.节约的,经济的;
economics [.i:k4'n3miks] n.经济学,经济情况;
economy [i'k3n4mi] n.节约;经济;
edge [ed9] n.边,棱;刀口,刃; v.侧身移动,挤进;
edible ['ed4b4l] a.可以吃的,可食用的;
edit ['edit] v.编辑,校订;
edition [i'di54n] n.版,版本,版次;
editor ['edit4] n.编辑,编者;
editorial [.ed4't3ri4l] n.社论;
educate ['ed94.keit] v.教育,培养,训练;
education [.ed9u'kei54n] n.教育,培养,训练;
effect [i'fekt] n.(on)作用,影响;结果;效果,效力; v.产生,招致; carry/bring into effect使生效,使起作用; put into effect实行,生效; come/go into effect生效,实施; in effect有效;实际上; take effect生效,起作用;
effective [i'fektiv] a.有效的,生效的;
efficiency [i'fi54nsi] n.效率;功效;
efficient [i'fi54nt] a.有效的,效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的;
effort ['ef4t] n.努力,艰难的尝试;
e.g. [] 例如; 
egg [eg] n.蛋,卵;
eight [eit] num.八,八个;
eighteen ['ei'ti:n] num.十八,十八个;
eighth [eit7] num.第八;
eighty ['eiti] num.八十,八十个;
either ['i:04] a./pron.(两者之中)任一的,任何一个; ad.[用于否定句]也; either...or或...或,不是...就是;不论...还是;
eject [i'd9ekt] v.喷射,排出;驱逐;
elaborate [i'l1b4.reit,i'l1b4rit] a.详尽的,精心的; n.精心制作,详细说明;
elastic [i'l1stik] a.弹性的; n.松紧带,橡皮圈;
elbow ['elb4u] n.肘,弯头; v.用肘挤;
elder ['eld4] a.年长的,资格老的; n.长辈;
eldest ['eldist] a.最年长的,最老的;
elect [i'lekt] v.选举,推选;选择,作出选择;
electric [i'lektrik] a.电的,导电的,电动的;
electrical [i'lektrik4l] a.电的,电学的;
electrician [.i:lek'tri54n] n.电学家,电工;
electricity [.i:lek'tris4ti] n.电,电流;电学;
electrify [i'lektr4.fai] v.使充电,使通电;使电气化;
electron [i'lektr3n] n.电子;
electronic [ilek'tr3nik] a.电子的;
electronics [ilek'tr3niks] n.电子学;电子设备;
elegant ['el4g4nt] a.优雅的,优美的,精致的;
element ['el4m4nt] n.元素;组成部分;
elementary [.el4'ment4ri] a.初等的;基本的;
elephant ['el4f4nt] n.象;
elevate ['el4.veit] v.抬起,升高;
elevation [.el4'vei54n] n.高度;
elevator ['el4.veit4] n.电梯,升降机;
eleven [i'lev4n] num.十一,十一个;
eleventh [i'lev4n7] num.第十一;
eliminate [i'lim4.neit] v.消除;
elite [ei'li:t,i'li:t] n.[总称]上层人士,掌权人物,实力集团;出类拔萃的; 人(集团),精英;
eloquent ['el4kw4nt] a.雄辩的,有说服力的;善辩的,口才流利的;
else [els] a.其他的,别的; ad.另外,其他; or else否则,要不然;
elsewhere ['els.wA4] ad.在别处,向别处;
embark [im'b2:k] v.(使)上船(或飞机,汽车等); embark on/upon从事,着手,开始工作;
embarrass [im'b1r4s] v.使窘迫,使为难;
embassy ['emb4si] n.大使馆;
embody [im'b3di] v.体现,使具体化;
embrace [im'breis] v.拥抱;包含;
emerge [i'm4:d9] v.浮现,出现;
emergency [i'm4:d94nsi] n.紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻;
emigrate ['em4.greit] v.(to,from)自本国移居他国;
emission [i'mi54n] n.散发,发射;
emit [i'mit] v.散发,发射;
emotion [i'm4u54n] n.情绪,情感;
emperor ['emp4r4] n.皇帝;
emphasis ['emf4sis] n.强调,重点;
emphasize/emphasise [] v.强调; 
empire ['empai4] n.帝国;
empirical [em'pirik4l] a.凭经验(或观察)的,经验主义的;
employ [im'pl3i] n./v.雇用;用,使用;
employee [.empl3i'i:] n.雇工,雇员;
employer [im'pl3i4] n.雇主;
employment [im'pl3im4nt] n.雇用;使用;工作,职业;
empty ['empti] a.空的;空洞的; v.倒空,使成为空的;
enable [in'eib4l] v.使能够,使成为可能;
enclose [in'kl4uz] v.围住,圈起,封入;
enclosure [in'kl4u94] n.围住,圈起,封入,附件;
encounter [in'kaunt4] n./v.遇到,遭遇;
encourage [in'k4:id9] v.鼓励,怂恿;
encyclopedia/encyclopaedia [] n.百科全书; 
encouragement [in'k4:id9m4nt] n. 鼓励,激励,奖励;
end [end] n.端,梢;末端,结束; v.终止,结束; in the end最后,终于;
endanger [in'deind94] v.危及,危害;
endeavor/endeavour [] v./n.努力,尽力,力图; 
ending ['endi6] n.结尾,结局;
endurance [in'djur4ns] n.忍耐(力),持久(力),耐久(性);
endure [in'dju4] v.忍受,持久,持续;
enemy ['en4mi] n.敌人,敌军;
energetic [.en4'd9etik] a.有力的,精力旺盛的;
energy ['An4d9i] n.活力,精力;能,能量;
enforce [in'f4urs] v.实施,执行;强制;
engage [in'geid9] v.(in)(使)从事于,(使)忙着;(使)订婚;聘用;
engagement [in'geid9m4nt] n.约会,约定;婚约,订婚;
engine ['end94n] n.发动机,引擎;火车头;
engineer [.end94'ni4] n.工程师;
engineering [.end94'niri6] n.工程学;
England ['i6gl4nd] n.英格兰,英国;
English ['i6gli5] n.英语; a.英语的,英国的;
enhance [in'h2:ns] v.提高,增强;
enjoy [in'd93i] v.欣赏,喜爱;享受...乐趣; enjoy oneself过得快活;
enjoyment [in'd93im4nt] n.享乐,乐趣;
enlarge [in'l2:d9] v.扩大,放大,增大;
enlighten [in'lait4n] v.启发,启蒙,教导;
enormous [i'n3:m4s] a.巨大的,庞大的;
enough [4'n8f,i'n8f] a.(for)足够的,充分的; n.足够,充分; ad.足够地,充分地;
enquire [in'kwai4] v.=inquire;
enrich [in'rit5] v.使富足;使肥沃;
enroll/enrol [] v.招收;登记;入学; 
ensure [in'5u4] v.确保,保证;
enter ['ent4] v.走进,参加,加入;
enterprise ['ent4.praiz] n.事业,企(事)业单位;事业心,进取心;
entertain [.ent4'tein] v.招待,款待;使娱乐;使欢乐;
entertainment [.ent4'teinm4nt] n.招待,款待;表演文娱节目;
enthusiasm [in'7ju:zi.1z4m] n.热情,热心;
enthusiastic [in.7ju:zi'1stik] a.热情的,热心的;
entire [in'tai4] a.完全的,全部的,完整的;
entitle [in'tait4l] v.给以权利(或资格);给...以称号;给...题名;
entrance ['entr4ns,in'tr2:ns] n.入口,门口;进入;入学,入会;
entry ['entri] n.进入,入口;通道;记载,条目;
envelope ['env4.l4up] n.信封,信皮;封套;
environment [in'vair4nm4nt] n.环境,外界;
envy ['envi] v./n.羡慕,忌妒;
epidemic [.epi'demik] a.流行性的;传染的; n.流行病;传播;
episode ['ep4.s4ud] n.片断,(连续剧的)一集;
epoch ['ep4k] n.时期,时代;
equal ['i:kw4l] a.(to)相等的;(to)胜任的; n.(地位)相等的人,对等的事物; v.等于;
equality [i:'kw3l4ti] n.同等,平等;
equation [i'kwei54n,i'kwei94n] n.(数学)等式,方程式;(with)相等;均衡;
equator [i'kweit4] n.赤道;
equip [i'kwip] v.(with)装备,配备;
equipment [i'kwipm4nt] n.设备,器材,装置;
equivalent [i'kwiv4l4nt] a.(to)相等的,等价的,等值的; n.相等物,等价物,等值物;
era ['ir4] n.时代,年代,阶段,纪元;
erase [i'reis] v.擦掉;删去;
erect [i'rekt] v.树立,建立,使竖立; a.直立的,垂直的;
erosion [i'r4u94n] n.腐蚀,磨损;削弱,减少;
erroneous [i'r4uni4s] a.错误的,不正确的;
error ['er4] n.错误,过失;
erupt [i'r8pt] v.(尤指火山)爆发;
escape [4'skeip] n.逃跑,逃脱; v.逃跑;避开,避免;
especially [4'spe54li] ad.特别,尤其;
essay ['esei,e'sei] n.文章,短文;
essence ['es4ns] n.本质,实质; in essence大体上,本质上;
essential [i'sen54l] a.(to)必要的,必不可少的;本质的,基本的;
establish [4'st1bli5] v.建立,设立;安置,使定居;
establishment [is't1bli5m4nt] n.建立,设立,建立的机构(或组织);
estate [is'teit] n.地产,房地产;
esthetic/aesthetic [] a.美学的,艺术的;审美的; 
estimate ['est4.meit] v./n.估计,估价;
etc. [] 等等; 
eternal [i't4:n4l] n.永久的,永恒的;
Europe ['jur4p] n.欧洲;
European [.jur4'pi:4n] a.欧洲的,欧洲人的; n.欧洲人;
evaluate [i'v1lju.eit] v.估价,评价;求...的值;
evaluation [i.v1lju'ei54n] n.估价,评价;赋值;
evaporate [i'v1p4.reit] v.(使)蒸发;
eve [i:v] n.(节日等的)前夜,前夕;
even ['i:v4n] ad.甚至(...也),连(...都); a.平的,平坦的;双数的,偶数的;均匀的; even if/though即使,虽然; even then即使那样,连...都;
evening ['i:vni6] n.傍晚,晚上;晚会;
evenly ['i:v4nli] ad.均匀地,平坦地;
event [i'vent] n.事件,事情; at all events无论如何; in any event无论如何; in the event of万一,如果发生;
eventually [i'vent5u4li] ad.终于,最后;
ever ['ev4] ad.在任何时候; for ever永远;
everlasting [.ev4'l2:sti6] a.永久的;
every ['evri] a.每一的,每个的;一切的,所有的;
everybody ['evri.b3di] pron.每人,人人;
everyday ['evri'dei] a.每日的,日常的;
everyone ['evri.w8n] pron.每人,人人;
everything ['evri.7i6] pron.每件事,事事;
everywhere ['evri.wA4] ad.处处,到处;
evidence ['ev4d4ns] n.根据,证据;形迹,迹象;
evident ['ev4d4nt] a.明显的,明白的;
evil ['i:v4l] a.邪恶的,罪恶的; n.邪恶,罪恶;
evolution [.ev4'lu:54n] n.进化,渐进,演化;
evolve [i'v3lv] v.(使)发展,(使)进化;
exact [ig'z1kt] a.确切的,正确的,精确的;
exactly [ig'z1ktli] ad.确切地,精确地,恰好;
exaggerate [ig'z1d94.reit] v.夸大,夸张;
exam/examination [] n.考试,测验; 
examine [ig'z1min] v.检查,细查;对...进行考试;
example [ig'z2:mp4l] n.例子,实例;模范,榜样; for example例如;
exceed [ik'si:d] v.超过,胜过;越出;
exceedingly [ik'si:di6li] ad.极端地,非常;
excellent ['eks4l4nt] a.卓越的,极好的;
except [ik'sept] prep.除...之外; except for除...之外;
exception [ik'sep54n] n.例外,除外; with the exception of除...之外;
exceptional [ik'sep54n4l] a.例外的,异常的;
excess [ik'ses] a.过量的,额外的; n.过量,过剩; in excess of超过;
excessive [ik'sesiv] a.过多的,过分的;
exchange [iks't5eind9] v./n.(for)交换,调换,兑换;交流,交易;交换台,交; 易所;
excite [ik'sait] v.刺激,使激动;激发,激励;
excitement [ik'saitm4nt] n.刺激,激动;
exciting [ik'saiti6] a.令人兴奋的,使人激动的;
exclaim [ik'skleim,iks'kleim] v.呼喊,惊叫,大声说;
exclamation [.ekskl4'mei54n] n.感叹,惊叹;
exclude [ik'sklu:d] v.拒绝,把…排除在外,排斥;
exclusive [ik'sklu:siv] a.专有的,独占的;除外的,排他的;
excursion [ik'sk4:94n] n.短途旅行,游览;
excuse [ik'skju:z] v.原谅,宽恕,免除; n.借口,辩解;
execute ['eksi.kju:t] v.实施,执行;
executive [ig'zekjutiv] n.总经理,董事,行政负责人; a.执行的,实施的;
exemplify [ig'zempl4.fai] v.举例证明,是...的榜样;
exercise ['eks4.saiz] n.练习,习题;训练,锻练; v.训练,锻练;行使;
exert [ig'z4:t] v.尽(力),施加(压力等);
exhaust [ig'z3:st] v.使筋疲力尽,耗尽;抽完,汲干; n.排气装置;废气;
exhibit [ig'zibit] v.展出,陈列;
exhibition [.eks4'bi54n] n.展览会;陈列,展览;
exist [ig'zist] v.存在;生活;
existence [ig'zist4ns] n.存在,实在;生存,生活(方式);
exit ['egzit,'eksit] n.出口,通道;
expand [ik'sp1nd] v.(使)膨胀,(使)扩张;张开,展开;
expansion [ik'sp1n54n] n.扩张,膨胀;张开,伸展;
expect [ik'spekt] v.预期;期望,指望;
expectation [.ekspek'tei54n] n.预期,期望,指望;
expedition [.ekspi'di54n] n.远征(队),探险(队);
expel [ik'spel] v.把...开除;驱逐;排出;
expend [ik'spend] v.消费,花费;
expenditure [ik'spendit54] n.花费;(时间,金钱等的)支出,消耗;
expense [ik'spens] n.花费,消费,消耗;
expensive [ik'spensiv] a.花费的,昂贵的;
experience [ik'spiri4ns] n.经验,经历; v.体验,经历;
experiment [ik'sper4m4nt] n.试验; v.(on)进行实验;
experimental [ik.sper4'ment4l] a.实验(性)的,试验(性)的;
expert ['eksp4t] n.专家,能手; a.熟练的,有经验的;专门的;
expertise [.eksp4'ti:z] n.专门知识(或技能等),专长;
expire [ik'spai4] v.期满,(期限)终止;呼气;断气,死亡;
explain [ik'splein] v.解释,说明;
explanation [.ekspl4'nei54n] n.解释,说明;
explicit [ik'splisit] a.详述的,明确的;坦率的;
explode [ik'spl4ud] v.(使)爆炸,(使)爆发;
exploit ['ekspl3it,ik'spl3it] v.开拓,开发;
exploration [.ekspl4'rei54n] n.勘探,探测;
explore [ik'spl4ur] v.勘探,探测;探究,探索;
explosion [ik'spl4u94n] n.爆炸,爆发;
explosive [ik'spl4usiv] a.爆炸(性)的,爆发(性)的; n.爆炸物,炸药;
export ['eksp4urt,iks'p4urt] v./n.输出,出口; n.出口商品;
expose [ik'sp4uz] v.(to)使暴露,受到;使曝光;
exposure [ik'sp4u94] n.暴露,揭露;(to)受到;
express [ik'spres] v.表达,表示; a.特快的,快速的; n.快车,快运;
expression [ik'spre54n] n.表达,表示;词句,措词;式,符号;
extend [ik'stend] v.延长,延伸;
extension [ik'sten54n] n.延长,扩大,伸展;电话分机;
extensive [ik'stensiv] a.广大的,广阔的;
extent [ik'stent] n.广度,宽度,长度;程度,限度;
exterior [ik'stiri4] a.外部的,外面的; n.外部;
external [ik'st4:n4l] a.外部的,外面的;
extinct [ik'sti6kt] a.灭绝的;熄灭了的;
extinguish [ik'sti6gwi5] v.熄灭,扑灭;
extra ['ekstr4] a.额外的,附加的; n.附加物,额外的东西;
extract ['ekstr1kt,ik'str1kt] v./n.拔出,抽出;摘录;
extraction [ik'str1k54n] n.抽出,拔出;
extraordinary [ik'str3:d4n.eri] a.非常的,格外的;
extravagant [ik'str1v4g4nt] a.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的;
extreme [ik'stri:m] a.末端的,尽头的;极度的,极端的; n.极端;最大程度;极度(状态);
eye [ai] n.眼睛,眼光,眼力;眼状物; v.看,注视; catch one’s eye引人注目; keep an eye on留意,照看;
eyebrow ['ai.brau] n.眉毛;
eyesight ['ai.sait] n.视力;
fable ['feib4l] n.寓言;
fabric ['f1brik] n.织物;结构;
fabricate ['f1bri.keit] v.捏造,编造(谎言,借口等);建造,制造;
face [feis] n.脸,面貌;表情;正面,表面; v.面对着;朝,面向; face to face面对面对; face up to大胆面向; in the face of面对,在...面前;不顾,即使; make a face做鬼脸;
facilitate [f4'sil4.teit] v.使变得(更)容易,使便利;
facility [f4'sil4ti] n.灵巧,熟练;[pl.]]设备,设施,便利条件;
fact [f1kt] n.事实,实际; in fact其实,实际上; matter of fact实际情况,真相;
factor ['f1kt4] n.因素,要素;
factory ['f1kt4ri,'f1ktri] n.工厂;
faculty ['f1k4lti] n.才能;学院,系;(学院或系的)全体教学人员;
fade [feid] v.褪色;衰减,消失;
Fahrenheit ['f1r4n.hait] n.华氏温度计; a.华氏温标的;
fail [feil] v.失败,不及格;衰退,减弱; fail to未能;
failure ['feilj4] n.失败,不及格;失败者;故障,失灵;未能;
faint [feint] a.微弱的,不明显的; v.昏过去;
fair [fA4] a.公平的,合理的;相当的,尚好的;晴朗的;金发的; n.集市,交易会,博览会;
fairly ['fA4li] ad.公正地,正当地;相当,还算;
faith [fei7] n.信任,信用;信仰,信条;
faithful ['fei7f4l] a.守信的,忠实的,如实的,可靠的;
fall [f3:l] v.跌倒;下降;减弱;坠落;变成,陷于; n.秋季; fall behind落后; fall back on求助于,转而依靠; fall in with符合,与...一致;碰见; fall out争吵,结果是; fall through落空,失败;
false [f3:ls] a.谬误的,虚伪的,伪造的,假的;
fame [feim] n.名声;
familiar [f4'milj4] a.(with,to)熟悉的,通晓的;亲近的;
family ['f1m4li] n.家,家庭成员;氏族,家庭;族,科;
famine ['f1min] n.饥荒,饥馑;
famous ['feim4s] a.著名的;
fan [f1n] n.扇子,风扇;(影,球等)迷; v.扇,扇动,激起;
fancy ['f1nsi] n.爱好,喜爱,迷恋; v.想象,幻想; a.花式的,奇特的,异样的; fantastic(al); a.奇异的,幻想的,异想天开的,极好的;
far [f2:] a./ad.远的(地),遥远的(地),久远的(地); as far as/so far as远至,到...程度; by far...得多,最; far from远非,远离; so far迄今为止;
fare [fA4] n.车费,船费; v.过活,进展;
farewell ['fA4'wel] int.再会,别了; n.告别;
farm [f2:m] n.农场,饲养场; v.种田,经营农牧业;
farmer ['f2:m4] n.农民,农场主;
farther ['f2:04] ad.更远地,再往前地; a.更远的;
fascinate ['f1s4n.eit] v.迷住,强烈吸引;
fashion ['f154n] n.流行式样(或货品),风尚,风气;样子,方式;
fashionable ['f154n4b4l] a.流行的,时髦的;
fast [f2:st] a.快的,迅速的,(钟表)快的;紧的,牢的; ad.快,迅速地;紧紧地,牢固地;
fasten ['f1s4n] v.扎牢,使固定;
fat [f1t] n.肥肉,脂肪; a.肥胖的,丰满的;
fatal ['feit4l] a.致命的,毁灭性的;
fate [feit] n.命运;
father ['f2:04] n.父(亲),神父; father-in-law; n.岳父,公公;
fatigue [f4'ti:g] n.疲劳;
fault [f3:lt] n.过失,过错;缺点,毛病; find fault埋怨,挑剔;
faulty ['f3:lti] a.有缺点的,有错误的;
favor/favour [] n.恩惠,帮助;好感,喜爱; v.赞成,支持,偏爱,偏袒; in favor of有利于,便于,赞成,支持; 
favorable/favourable [] a.赞许的,有利的,顺利的; 
favorite/favourite [] n.最喜欢的人或物; a.特别喜欢的,中意的; 
fax [f1ks] n./v.传真(机,件);传真传输;
fear [fi4] v./n.害怕,畏惧;
fearful ['fi4f4l] a.可怕的;
feasible ['fi:z4b4l] a.可行的;
feast [fi:st] n.节日;宴会;
feather ['fe04] n.羽毛;
feature [fi:t54] n.特征,特色;特写;
February ['febru.eri] n.二月;
federal ['fed4r4l] a.联邦的;
fee [fi:] n.费(会费,学费等);酬金;
feeble [fi:b4l] a.虚弱的,无力的;
feed [fi:d] v.(on,with)喂养,饲养;(with)向...供给; feed in输入; be fed up(with)感到厌烦;
feedback ['fi:d.b1k] n.反馈;
feel [fi:l] v.有知觉,有感觉;感觉,觉得;以为,认为; feel like欲,想要;
feeling ['fi:li6] n.感情;心情;知觉;同情;
fell [fel] v.砍倒,砍伐;
fellow ['fel4u] n.人,家伙;伙伴,同事; a.同样的,同事的;
fellowship ['fel4u.5ip] n.伙伴关系;联谊会,团体;
female ['fi:meil] a.女的,雌的;
feminine ['fem4nin] a.女性的;娇柔的;
fence [fens] n.篱笆,围栏; n./v.击剑;
ferry ['feri] n.渡船; v.渡运(人,车或物等);
fertile ['f4:t4l] a.肥沃的,富饶的;能繁殖的;
fertilizer/fertiliser [] n.肥料; 
festival ['fest4v4l] n.节日;音乐节;戏剧节;
fetch [fet5] v.取来,接来;
feudal ['fju:d4l] a.封建的;
fever ['fi:v4] n.发热,狂热;
few [fju:] a./n.很少,几乎没有; a few有些,几个; quite a few还不少,有相当数目的;
fiber/fibre [] n.纤维,纤维质; 
fiction ['fik54n] n.虚构,编造;小说;
field [fi:ld] n.田,田野;运动场;领域,方面;(电,磁等)场;
fierce [fi4s] a.凶猛的,残忍的;狂热的,强烈的;
fifteen ['fif'ti:n] num.十五,十五个;
fifth [fif7] num.第五;
fifty ['fifti] num.五十,五十个;
fight [fait] v./n.打(仗),搏斗,斗争,战斗;
fighter ['fait4] n.战士;战斗机,歼击机;
figure ['figj4] n.体形;数字;图形;人物; v.(out)算出,估计,推测;
file [fail] n.锉刀;文件,档案; v.锉;
fill [fil] v.(with)填满,充满; fill in/out填充,填写;
film [film] n.电影;胶卷;薄膜; v.(把...)拍成电影;
filter ['filt4] n.滤器,滤纸;
final ['fain4l] a.最终的,决定性的;
finally ['fain4li] ad.最后,最终;
finance [f4'n1ns,fai'n1ns] n.财政,金融; v.为...提供资金;
financial [f4'n1n54l,fai'n1n54l] a.财政的,金融的;
find [faind] v./n.找到,发现;发觉,感到; find out查明;
finding ['faindi6] n.发现,发现物;[常pl.]调查(研究)结果;
fine [fain] a.晴朗的,美好的,细致的; v./n.罚金,罚款;
finger ['fi6g4] n.手指;
finish ['fini5] v./n.结束,完成;最后阶段;
finite ['fainait] a.有限的;
fire [fai4] n.火;热情,激情; v./n.开火;射击;点火;着火; catch fire着火; set fire to点燃; on fire烧着;
fireman ['fai4m4n] n.消防队员;
fireplace ['fai4.pleis] n.壁炉;
firework ['fai4.w4:k] n.爆竹,[常pl.]烟火;
firm [f4:m] a.坚固的;坚决的,坚定的;稳固的; n.公司,商号;
first [f4:st] num.第一; a.第一的,最先的; ad.首先,最初; at first最初,首先; first of all首先,第一;
fish [fi5] n.鱼; v.捕鱼,钓鱼;
fishery ['fi54ri] n.渔业,渔场;养殖场;
fist [fist] n.拳头;
fit [fit] v.使适合,使配合,适应;安装,装配; a.(for,to)适合的,恰当的;健康的,强健的;
fitting ['fiti6] a.适当的,恰当的; n.[常pl.]配件,附件;装配,安装;
five [faiv] num.五,五个;
fix [fiks] v.使固定,安装;确定,决定;
fixed [fikst] a.固定的,不变的;
fixture ['fikst54] n.固定,固定物;
flag [fl1g] n.旗;
flame [fleim] n.火焰,火苗;热情;光辉; v.发火焰,燃烧;
flap [fl1p] n.垂下物,帽沿,袋盖; n./v.拍打,拍动;
flare [flA4] v./n.闪耀,闪烁; flare up突然燃起来;突然发怒;
flash [fl15] n.闪光; v.发闪光,闪亮;闪现;
flat [fl1t] a.平坦的,扁平的,平淡的,乏味的; n.一套房间;平面,平坦部分;
flatten ['fl1tn] v.使变平;
flatter ['fl1t4] v.奉承,使高兴;
flavor/flavour [] n.味,风味; v.给...调味; 
flaw [fl3:] n.裂缝;缺陷;
flee [fli:] v.逃走;逃避;
fleet [fli:t] n.舰队,船队;
flesh [fle5] n.肉,肌肉;
flexible ['fleks4b4l] a.柔韧的,易弯曲的,灵活的;
flight [flait] n.飞翔,飞行;航班;航程;逃跑,溃退;楼梯的一段;
fling [fli6] v.(用力地)扔,抛,丢;
float [fl4ut] v./n.浮动,飘浮;
flock [fl3k] n.(一)群,(禽,畜等的)群;大量,众多; v.群集,成群;
flood [fl8d] n.洪水,水灾; v.淹没,发大水,泛滥;
floor [fl4ur] n.地板,(楼房)的层;
flour [flau4] n.面粉;
flourish ['fl4:i5] v.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺;
flow [fl4u] v.流,流动; n.流量,流速;
flower ['flau4] n.花; v.开花;
flu [flu:] n.流行性感冒;
fluctuate ['fl8kt5u.eit] v.使波动,使起伏;
fluent ['flu:4nt] a.流利的,流畅的;
fluid ['flu:id] a.流动的,液体的; n.流体,液体;
flush [fl85] v.冲洗,奔流; n./v.脸红; a.(with)齐平的,同高的;
fly [flai] v.飞,飞行;飞逝;飞奔;驾驶(飞机); n.蝇;
flyover ['flai.4uv4] n.天桥;立交桥;
foam [f4um] v./n.泡沫,起泡沫;
focus ['f4uk4s] n.焦点,(活动,兴趣等的)中心; v.(on)使聚集,集中;
fog [f3g] n.雾;
fold [f4uld] v.折叠; n.褶,褶痕;
folk [f4uk] n.人们; a.民间的;
follow ['f3l4u] v.跟随,接着;领会;沿着...前进,遵循;结果是; as follows如下;
following ['f3l4wi6] a.接着的,下列的;
fond [f3nd] a.(of)喜爱的,爱好的;
food [fu:d] n.食品,食物;
foodstuff ['fu:d.st8f] n.食品,食料;
fool [fu:l] n.笨蛋,傻瓜; v.玩弄,愚弄; make a fool of玩弄,愚弄;
foolish ['fu:li5] a.愚笨的,愚蠢的; foot([pl.]feet); n.脚,足;英尺;底部; on foot步行;
football ['fut.b3:l] n.足球;
footstep ['fut.step] n.脚步(声),足迹;
for [f4,f3:] prep.往,向;对于,供;为了;达,计;替,代表;赞成;至; 于; conj.由于,因为;
forbid [f4'bid] v.禁止,不许;
force [f4urs] n.力量,力;势力;[pl.][总称]军队;兵力; v.强迫,迫使; in force有效,在实施中; come/go into force生效,实施;
forecast ['f4ur.k2:st] v./n.预测,预报;
forefather ['f4ur.f2:04] n.祖先;
forefinger ['f4ur.fi6g4] n.食指;
foregoing [f4ur'g4ui6] a.在前的,前述的;
forehead ['f3:.hed] n.额;
foreign ['f3rin] a.外国的,(to)无关的,不相干的;外来的;异质的;
foreigner ['f3rin4] n.外国人;
foremost ['f4ur.m4ust] a./ad.最初,最前面;
foresee [f4ur'si:] v.预见,预知;
forest ['f3rist] n.森林;
forever [f4'ev4] ad.永远,常常;
forge [f3:d9] v.锻造,伪造; n.锻工车间;锻炉;
forget [f4'get] v.忘记,遗忘;
forgive [f4'giv] v.原谅,饶恕;
fork [f3:k] n.叉,耙;叉形物;餐叉;
form [f3:m] n.形状,形式;表格; v.组成,构成;形成;
formal ['f3:m4l] a.正式的;形式的;
formation [f3:'mei54n] n.形成,构成;
former ['f3:m4] a.以前的,在前的; pron.前者; formula([pl.]formulae); n.公式,程式;
formulate ['f3:mj4.leit] v.构想,规划;系统地阐述;
forth [f4ur7,f3:7] ad.向前,向外; and so forth等等;
forthcoming [.f4ur7'k8mi6] a.即将到来的;
fortnight ['f3:t.nait] n.两星期;
fortunate ['f3:t54nit] a.幸运的,侥幸的;
fortune ['f3:t54n] n.命运,运气;财产;
forty ['f3:ti] num.四十,四十个;
forum ['f4ur4m] n.论坛,讨论会;
forward ['f3:w4d] ad.(also forwards)向前,前进; a.向前的,前部的;进步的; v.转交,转递;
fossil ['f3s4l] n.化石;
found [faund] v.成立,建立,创办;
foundation [faun'dei54n] n.基础,根本,建立,创立;地基,基金,基金会;
fountain ['fauntin] n.泉水,喷泉,源泉;
four [f4ur] num.四,四个;
fourteen ['f4ur'ti:n] num.十四,十四个;
fox [f3ks] n.狐狸;
fraction ['fr1k54n] n.碎片,小部分,一点儿;分数;
fracture ['fr1kt54] n.裂缝(痕);骨折; v.(使)断裂,(使)折断;
fragment ['fr1gm4nt] n.碎片,小部分,片断;
fragrant ['freigr4nt] a.香的;
frame [freim] n.框架,骨架; v.装框子;
framework ['freim.w4:k] n.构架,框架,结构;
France [fr2:ns] n.法国;
frank [fr16k] a.坦白的,直率的;
free [fri:] a.自由的;免费的;空闲的;(from,of)免去...的; v.(from,of)使自由,免除; set free释放;
freedom ['fri:d4m] n.自由,自主;
freeze [fri:z] v.使结冰,使凝固;
freight [freit] n.货物,客货,运费;
French [frent5] a.法国的,法语的; n.法语;法国人;
frequency ['fri:kw4nsi] n.频率,周率;
frequent ['fri:kw4nt] a.时常发生的,频繁的;
fresh [fre5] a.新,新鲜的;
freshman ['fre5m4n] n.新生,大学一年级学生;
friction ['frik54n] n.磨擦,摩擦力;
Friday ['frai.dei] n.星期五;
friend [frend] n.朋友; make friends交朋友,友好相处; be friends with对...友好,与...交上朋友;
friendly ['frendli] a.友好的,友谊的;
friendship ['frend5ip] n.友谊,友好;
fright [frait] n.恐怖;
frighten ['frait4n,'fraitn] v.使惊恐;
fro [fr4u] ad.往,回[只用于to and fork中]; to and fro来来回回;
frog [fr3g] n.蛙;
from [fr3m] prep.从,自;根据,按;由于,出于[表示去除,免除,阻; 止];
front [fr8nt] a.前面的,前部的; n.前面,正面;前线,战线,阵线; v.面对,朝向; in front of在...前面;
frontier [fr8n'ti4] n.国境,边境;尖端,新领域;
frost [fr3st] n.霜,霜冻,严寒;
frown [fraun] v.皱眉;
frozen ['fr4uz4n] a.冷冻的;
fruit [fru:t] n.水果,果实;成果,效果;
fruitful ['fru:tf4l] a.多产的;果实累累的,富有成效的;
frustrate ['fr8s.treit] v.挫败,阻挠,使灰心;
fry [frai] v.油煎,油炸;
fuel ['fju:4l,'fju4l] n.燃料;
fulfill/fulfil [] v.完成,履行; 
full [ful] a.(of)满的,充满的; a./ad.完全,充分;
fun [f8n] n.玩笑,娱乐;有趣的人(或事物); make fun of取笑,嘲弄;
function ['f86k54n] n.功能,作用;[pl.]职务,职责;函数; v.起作用;
fund [f8nd] n.资金,基金;
fundamental [.f8nd4'ment4l] a.基础的,基本的; n.[pl.]基本原则,基本原理;
funeral ['fju:n4r4l] n.丧葬,葬礼;
funny ['f8ni] a.滑稽的,可笑的;
fur [f4:] n.毛,毛皮;
furious ['fju4ri4s] a.狂怒的,狂暴的,猛烈的;
furnace ['f4:nis] n.炉子,熔炉;
furnish ['f4:ni5] v.供应,提供;装备,布置;
furniture ['f4:nit54] n.家具;
further ['f4:04] ad./a.更远,更往前;进一步; v.促进,增进;
furthermore ['f4:04'm4ur] ad.而且,此外;
fuse [fju:z] n.保险丝,导火线,引信; v.熔化,熔合;
fuss [f8s] n./v.忙乱,大惊小怪; make a fuss of娇养(某人),过分关怀(某人);
future ['fju:t54] n.将来,未来;前途,前景; a.将来的,未来的; in (the) future今后,将来;
gage/gauge [] n.标准尺寸,规格;量规,量表; 
gain [gein] v.获得,博得;增加,(钟,表)走快; n.收益,得益;
galaxy ['g1l4ksi] n.星系;[the Galaxy]银河(系);一群(杰出或著名的; 人物);
gallery ['g1l4ri] n.长廊,画廊,美术馆;
gallon ['g1l4n] n.加仑;
gallop ['g1l4p] v./n.奔驰,飞奔;
gamble ['g1mb4l] n./v.投机,冒险;赌博;
game [geim] n.游戏,娱乐;比赛,运动会;猎物;
gang [g16] n.一帮,一群,一伙;
gaol ['d9eil] n./v.=jail;
gap [g1p] n.间隙,缺口;
garage [g4'r2:9] n.车库,飞机库;修车厂;
garbage ['g2:bid9] n.垃圾;
garden ['g2:dn] n.(菜,花)园;
garment ['g2:m4nt] n.(一件)衣服;
gas [g1s] n.气体,煤气;汽油;
gaseous ['g1si4s] a.气体的,气态的;
gasoline/gasolene [] n.汽油; 
gasp [g2:sp] n.喘息,气喘; v.喘息;气吁吁地说;
gate [geit] n.大门;
gather ['g104] v.聚集,聚拢;
gathering ['g104ri6] n.聚会,集会;
gay [gei] a.快乐的,愉快的; n.同性恋;
gaze [geiz] v./n.凝视,注视;
gear [gi4] n.齿轮,传动装置; v.(to)调整,使适合;
gene [d9i:n] n.基因;
general ['d9en4r4l] a.一般的,普通的;总的,大体的; n.将军; in general通常,大体上;
generalize/generalise [] v.归纳,概括;推广,普及; 
generate ['d9en4.reit] v.产生,发生;
generation [.d9en4'rei54n] n.产生,发生;一代(人);
generator ['d9en4.reit4] n.发电机,发生器;
generous ['d9en4r4s] a.宽宏大量的,慷慨的;
genius ['d9i:nj4s] n.天才;
gentle ['d9ent4l] a.和蔼的,文雅的,有礼貌的;
gentleman ['d9ent4lm4n] n.绅士,先生;
gently ['d9entli] ad.文雅地,有礼貌地;轻轻地;
genuine ['d9enjuin] a.真正的,名副其实的; geographic(al); a.地理(学)的;
geography ['d9i'3gr4fi] n.地理(学);
geology [d9i'3l4d9i] n.地质(学);
geometry [d9i'3m4tri] n.几何(学);
germ [d94:m] n.微生物,细菌;
German ['d94:m4n] a.德国(人)的,德语的; n.德国人,德语;
Germany ['d94:m4ni] n.德国;
gesture ['d9est54] n.姿势,姿态,手势; v.做手势;
get [get] v.获得,得到;使,使得;变得,成为;到达; get across解释清楚,使人了解; get along/on with进展相处融洽;生活,过活; get around/round走动,旅行;(消息)传开; get around/round to找时间做,开始考虑; get at得到,接近;意思是; get away逃脱,离开; get by通过,经过; get down从...下来;写下; get down to开始,着手; get in进入;收获,收集; get into进入,陷入; get off从...下来,离开,动身,开始; get out of逃避,改掉; get over克服,(从病中)恢复过来; get the better of占上风,胜过; get through结束,完成;接通电话; get together集合,聚集; get up起床;增加,增强;
ghost [g4ust] n.鬼魂,幽灵;
giant ['d9ai4nt] n.巨人; a.巨大的;
gift [gift] n.礼品,赠品;天赋,才能;
gifted ['giftid] a.有天赋的;
gigantic [d9ai'g1ntik] a.巨大的,庞大的;
girl [g4:l] n.少女,姑娘,女孩;
give [giv] v.给,提供,授予;举行,举办;交给,托付;献出;传授; give away泄露;分送; give back送还,恢复; give in交上;投降,屈服; give off放出,释放; give oneself away泄露,露马脚; give oneself up自首,投降,投案; give out分发,放出; give up停止,放弃; give way to给...让路,对...让步;被...代替;
glad [gl1d] a.高兴的,乐意的;
glance [gl2:ns] v.(at,over)扫视; n.匆匆看,一瞥,一眼;
glare [glA4] n./v.始祖,瞪眼; v./n.闪耀,闪光;
glass [gl2:s] n.玻璃;玻璃杯;镜子;[pl.]眼镜;
glide [glaid] n./v.溜,滑行;
glimpse [glimps] n./v.一瞥,瞥见;
glitter ['glit4] n.光辉,灿烂; v.闪耀;
global ['gl4ub4l] a.全球的,世界的;
globe [gl4ub] n.球体,地球仪;地球,世界;
gloomy ['glu:mi] a.阴暗的,阴沉的;
glorify ['gl4ur4.fai] v.赞美,颂扬;
glorious ['gl4uri4s] a.壮丽的,辉煌的;光荣的;
glory ['gl4uri] n.光荣,荣誉;
glove [gl8v] n.手套;
glow [gl4u] v.发热,发光,发红; n.白热;
glue [glu:] n.胶,胶水; v.胶合,粘贴;
go [g4u] v.去,离去,走;放置,装入;运转,运行;变为,成为; n.围棋; go after追求; go ahead开始,前进,领先; go along with陪同前往,随行; go around/round足够分配; go back on违背; go by过去; go down下降,降低;被载入,传下去; go for竭力想取得,喜爱,支持,拥护; go in for从事,致力于,追求,沉迷于; go into进入;研究,调查; go off爆炸,发射;动身,离开; go on继续,发生; go out外出,熄灭; go over检查,审查;复习,重温; go through经历,经受;详细检查; go under下沉,沉没;失败,破产; go up上升,增加;建起; go with伴随,与...协调; go without没有...也行;
goal [g4ul] n.目的,目标;守门员,球门;进球;
goat [g4ut] n.山羊;
god [g3d] n.神;[God]上帝;
gold [g4uld] n.黄金,金币; a.金的,金制的;
golden ['g4uld4n] a.金黄色的;贵重的,极好的;
golf [g3lf] n.高尔夫球;
good [gud] a.好的,适合的,有益的; as good as和...几乎一样,实际上等于; for good永久地; good for有效,适用,胜任; goodby(e); int.再见;
goodness ['gudnis] n.善良,仁慈; int.天哪;
goodnight [.gud'nait] int.晚安,再见;
goods [gudz] n.商品,货物; goose([pl.]geese); n.鹅;
gossip ['g3s4p] n.流言蜚语;说长道短的人; v.传播流言蜚语;说长道短;
govern ['g8v4n] v.统治,管理;决定,支配;
government ['g8v4nm4nt] n.政府,内阁;管理,支配;政治,政体;
governor ['g8v4n4] n.总督,州(省)长;
grab [gr1b] v./n.(at)抓(住);夺(得);
grace [greis] n.优美,文雅;恩惠,恩泽;
graceful ['greisf4l] a.优美的,文雅的;
gracious ['grei54s] a.亲切的,客气的;宽厚的,仁慈的;
grade [greid] n.等级,级别;年级;分数; v.分等,分级;
gradual ['gr1d9u4l] a.逐渐的,逐步的;
graduate ['gr1d9u.eit,'gr1d9uit] n.(大学)毕业生,获(学士)学位者; v.(使)(大学)毕业;获学位; a.毕了业的;研究生的;
grain [grein] n.谷物,谷类;颗粒,细粒;
gram/gramme [] n.克; 
grammar ['gr1m4] n.语法,语法书;
grammatical [gr4'm1tik4l] a.语法的;
grand [gr1nd] a.盛大的,豪华的;重大的,主要的;
grandmother ['gr1nd.m804] n.祖母,外祖母;
grant [gr2:nt] v.同意,准予;给予,授予; n.授予物; take...for granted想当然,认为理所当然;
grape [greip] n.葡萄;
graph [gr1f] n.图表,曲线图;
grasp [gr2:sp] v./n.抓住,抓紧;掌握,领会;
grass [gr2:s] n.草;
grateful ['greitf4l] a.(to,for)感激的;感谢的;
gratitude ['gr1t4.tju:d] n.感激,感谢;
grave [greiv] n.坟墓; a.严肃的,庄重的;
gravity ['gr1v4ti] n.重力,引力;严肃,庄重;
gray/grey [] a.灰色的; n.灰色; 
grease [gri:s] n.动物脂,油脂,润滑脂; v.抹油,润滑;
great [greit] a.大的,伟大的,重大的,极大的;美妙的;
greedy ['gri:di] a.贪吃的,贪婪的,渴望的;
Greek [gri:k] n.希腊人,希腊语; a.希腊(人)的,希腊语的;
green [gri:n] a.绿的,青的,未熟的,嫩的; n.绿色;[pl.]蔬菜,植物;
greenhouse ['gri:n.haus] n.温室;
greet [gri:t] v.致敬,敬意,迎接;扑(鼻),入(耳),触(目);
greeting ['gri:ti6] n.问候,致敬;
grieve [gri:v] v.使悲伤,使伤心;
grind [graind] v.磨(碎),碾(碎);
grip [grip] v./n.紧握,抓紧;
groan [gr4un] v./n.呻吟;
grocer ['gr4us4] n.食品商,杂货商;
grocery ['gr4us4ri] n.杂货店,杂货;
gross [gr4us] a.总的,毛(重)的;粗鲁的,粗俗的; n.总额;
ground [graund] n.地面,土地;场所;根据,理由;
group [gru:p] n.群,组; v.分组;
grow [gr4u] v.生长,发育,增长,发展,渐渐变得;种植,栽培; grown-up; a.成长的,成熟的,成人的; n.成年人;
growth [gr4u7] n.生长,增长,发展;
guarantee [.g1r4n'ti:] n.保证,保证书; v.保证,担保;
guard [g2:d] v./n.守卫,保卫,提防; n.哨兵,警卫; on guard警惕,防范;
guess [ges] v./n.推测,猜测; v.以为,相信;
guest [gest] n.客人,宾客,旅客;
guidance ['gaid4ns,'gaidns] n.引导,指导;
guide [gaid] v.为...领路,指导,引导; n.领路人;指南,导游;
guilt [gilt] n.罪过,内疚;
guilty ['gilti] a.(of)有罪的,内疚的;
gulf [g8lf] n.海湾;
gum [g8m] n.树胶;口香糖;
gun [g8n] n.枪,炮;
gunpowder ['g8n.paud4] n.火药;
gymnasium/gym [] n.体育馆,健身房; 
habit ['h1bit] n.习惯,习性,脾性;
habitual [h4'bit5u4l] a.惯常的,习惯的;
hail [heil] v.下雹;欢呼,欢迎; n.雹;
hair [hA4] n.头发,毛发,汗毛;
haircut ['hA4.k8t] n.理发;
half [h2:f] n.半,一半; a.一半的,半个的; ad.一半; in half成两半;
hall [h3:l] n.礼堂,会堂,办公大楼,门厅;
halt [h3:lt] n.止步,停步,停止前进; v.止步,(使)停止;
ham [h1m] n.火腿;
hamburger ['h1mb4:g4] n.汉堡包,牛肉饼;
hammer ['h1m4] n.铁锤,槌,榔头; v.锤击,敲打;
hamper ['h1mp4] v.妨碍,阻碍,牵制;
hand [h1nd] n.手;指针;人手,职工,船员; v.交给,传递; at hand在手边,在附近,即将到来; by hand用手; hand down流传下来,传给,往下传; hand in交上,递交; hand in hand手拉着手,携手;结合起来,联合; hand on传下来,依次传递; hand out分发,散发,发给; hand over交出,移交,让与; in hand在控制中,在进行中; on hand在手边,临近; on (the) one hand...,on the other hand一方面...,; 另一方面...;
handbook ['h1nd.buk] n.手册,指南;
handful ['h1ndf4l] n.一把;少数;一小撮;
handicap ['h1ndi.k1p] v.妨碍,使不利; n.(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;障碍,不利条件;
handkerchief ['h16k4t5if] n.手帕;
handle ['h1nd4l] n.柄,把手,拉手; v.处理,对待,操纵;触,摸,抚养;
handout ['h1ndaut] n.散发的文字材料;救济品;
handsome ['h1ns4m] a.漂亮的,英俊的;慷慨的,数量可观的;
handwriting ['h1nd.raiti6] n.笔迹,手迹,书法;
handy ['h1ndi] a.手边的,近便的;方便的;
hang [h16] v.悬挂,垂吊;吊死,绞死; hang about闲荡,徘徊,逗留; hang back犹豫,踌躇,畏缩; hang on抓紧不放;继续下去,等一下; hang on to紧握住,坚持下去; hang up挂断(电话);
happen ['h1p4n] v.发生; happen to+inf.碰巧,偶然;
happiness ['h1pinis] n.幸福,幸运,快乐;
happy ['h1pi] a.幸福的,快乐的,乐意的;
harbor/harbour [] n.港口,海港;避难所,藏身处; v.隐匿,窝藏,包庇; 
hard [h2:d] a.硬的,坚固的;困难的,艰苦的;冷酷无情的;烈性的,; 含酒精多的; ad.努力地;猛烈地;困难地;
harden ['h2:dn] v.(使)变硬;
hardly ['h2:dli] ad.几乎不,简直不;仅仅; hardly any几乎没有,几乎什么也不; hardly...when/before刚一...就...;
hardship ['h2:d5ip] n.艰难,困苦;
hardware ['h2:d.wA4] n.五金,金属制品;硬件;
hare [hA4] n.野兔;
harm [h2:m] n./v.伤害,损害,危害;
harmful ['h2:mf4l] a.(to)有害的;
harmony ['h2:m4ni] n.协调,和谐;融洽;
harness ['h2:nis] v.治理,利用;
harvest ['h2:vist] n.收获,收成;成果,后果; v.收获,收割;
haste [heist] n.匆忙,急速;草率; v.赶快;匆忙; in haste匆忙地;草率地;
hasten ['heis4n] v.赶快,催促;
hasty ['heisti] a.匆忙的,仓促的;草率的;
hat [h1t] n.帽子;
hatch [h1t5] v.孵,孵出;策划,图谋; n.舱口,小门;
hate [heit] v.恨,憎恨;不愿,不喜欢; n.恨,憎恶;
hateful ['heitf4l] a.可恨的;
hatred ['heitrid] n.憎恨,憎恶,怨恨;
haul [h3:l] v.拖曳,拖运,用力拖;
have [h1v] aux.v.[加过去分词,构成完成时态]已经,曾经; v.有,具有;体会,经受;使,让;吃,喝,吸(烟);从事,; 进行;[与名词连用,表示与该名词相应的动词意义]; have back要回,收回; have on穿着,戴着; have to/have got to不得不,必须; have to do with与...有关;
hawk [h3:k] n.鹰,隼;
hay [hei] n.干草;
hazard ['h1z4d] n.危险,冒险,危害; v.冒险,拼命;
he [hi:] pron.他;
head [hed] n.头,头顶,头部;首脑,首长;头脑,才智; v.率领,站在...前头;用头撞,顶(球);前进; head for驶向,走向; head on迎头,迎面; keep one’s head保持镇静; lose one’s head不知所措;
headache ['hed.eik] n.头痛;
heading ['hedi6] n.标题;
headline ['hed.lain] n.大字标题;
headmaster ['hed'm2:st4] n.校长;
headquarters ['hed'kw3:t4z] n.司令部,指挥部;总部,总局;
heal [hi:l] v.治愈,愈合;
health [hel7] n.健康,健康状况;卫生;
healthy ['hel7i] a.健康的,健壮的;有益健康的,卫生的;
heap [hi:p] n.(一)堆,大量,许多; v.(up)堆,堆起;
hear [hi4] v.听,听见;听说,得知;倾听,听取;
hearing ['hiri6] n.听,倾听;听力;审讯;
heart [h2:t] n.心,心脏;中心,要点;内心,心肠; at heart在内心,实质上; by heart牢记,凭记忆; get/learn by heart记住,背诵; heart and soul全心全意; lose heart丧失勇气,失去信心;
heartily ['h2:tili] ad.衷心地,热心地;
hearty ['h2:ti] a.衷心的,热忱的;丰盛的;
heat [hi:t] n.热,热度;热烈,激烈; v.(给)加热,(使)变热;
heating ['hi:ti6] n.加热,供暖;暖气装置;
heaven ['hev4n] n.天,天空,天堂;[Heaven]上帝,神;
heavily ['hevili] ad.沉重地,猛烈地;
heavy ['hevi] a.重的,重型的;沉重的,大量的,猛烈的;
hedge [hed9] n.篱笆,树篱,障碍物; v.用树篱围住;
heel [hi:l] n.脚后跟,踵,鞋跟;
height [hait] n.高,高度;[常pl.]高地,高处;
heighten ['hait4n,'haitn] v.提高,升高;
heir [A4] n.继承人;
helicopter ['helik3pt4] n.直升(飞)机;
hell [hel] n.地狱,阴间;苦境,极大痛苦;
hello [h4'l4u] int.喂;
helmet ['helmit] n.头盔,钢盔;
help [help] v.帮助,援助; n.帮助,援助;帮手,助手; can’t/couldn’t help禁不住;不得不; help oneself自取所需(食物等);
helpful ['helpf4l] a.(to)有帮助的,有益的,有用的;
hemisphere ['hem4s.fi4] n.半球;
hen [hen] n.母鸡;
hence [hens] ad.从此,今后;因此;
henceforth [.hes'f4ur7] ad.今后;
her [4,h4,h4:] pron.[she的宾格]她;[she的所有格]她的;
herd [h4:d] n.群,兽群,牛群; v.放牧,群集;
here [hi4] ad.这里,在这里;从这里,到这里;在这一点上,这时; here and there到处,处处;
heritage ['her4tid9] n.遗产,继承物;传统;
hero ['hir4u] n.英雄,勇士;男主角,男主人公;
heroin ['her4u.in] n.海洛因;
heroine ['her4u.in] n.女英雄;女主角;
heroic [hi'r4uik] a.英雄的,英勇的;
hers [h4:z] pron.[she的物主代词]她的(东西);
herself [h4'self] pron.她自己,她亲自,她本人;
hesitate ['hez4.teit] v.犹豫,踌躇;含糊,支吾;
hesitation [.hez4'tei54n] n.犹豫,踌躇;
hi/hey [] int.[表示惊讶,喜悦,疑问等]嗨,嘿; 
hide [haid] v.隐藏,躲藏;隐瞒; n.皮革,兽皮;
high [hai] a.高的,高度的,高级的,高尚的; ad.高,高高地;
highland ['hail4nd] n. 高地,高原;
highlight ['hai.lait] v.使显著,使突出;强调; n.最精彩的部分,最重要的事件;
highly ['haili] ad.高度地,很,非常;赞许地;
highway ['hai.wei] n.公路,大路;
hijack/highjack [] v.劫持; 
highjack ['hai.d91k] v. 抢劫,劫持,揩油;
hill [hil] n.小山,丘陵;斜坡;
hillside ['hil.said] n.(小山)山腰,山坡;
him [him] pron.[he的宾格]他;
himself [him'self] pron.他自己,他亲自,他本人;
hind [haind] a.后部的;
hinder ['haind4,'hind4] v.(from)阻止,妨碍;
hinge [hind9] n.合页,铰链;
hint [hint] n.暗示,提示,线索; v.暗示,示意;
hire [hai4] n./v.雇用,租借;
his [hiz] pron.[he的所有格和物主代词]他的(东西);
historian [his't4uri4n] n.历史学家;
historic [hi'st3rik,his't3rik] a.有历史意义的;历史的;
historical [hi'st3rik4l] a.历史的;有关历史的;
history ['hist4ri] n.历史(学);来历,经历;
hit [hit] v.打,击,击中;碰撞;到达,完成; n.一击,击中;轰动一时的人或事物,流行一时的东西;
hitherto [.hi04'tu:] ad.到目前为止,迄今;
hobby ['h3bi] n.业余爱好,嗜好,兴趣;
hoist [h3ist] v.举起,升起,吊起;
hold [h4uld] v.拿着,握住;保有,拥有;托住,支持;容纳,装得下;; 举行;有效,适用;继续,持续; n.握住,掌握;船舱; get hold of抓住,掌握; hold back踌躇,退缩;阻止,抑制; hold on继续,握住不放; hold on to紧紧抓住,坚持; hold out维持,支持;坚持,不屈服; hold up举起,承载;阻挡,使停止;抢劫,拦截;
holder ['h4uld4] n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物;
hole [h4ul] n.洞,孔;
holiday ['h3l4.dei] n.假日,节日,假期,休假;
hollow ['h3l4u] a.空的,中空的;空洞的,空虚的; v.挖空,凿空;
holy ['h4uli] a.神圣的,圣洁的;
home [h4um] n.家,家乡,本国; ad.在家,回家; a.家的,家乡的,本国的; at home在家,在国内;自在,自如; home and abroad国内外;
homework ['h4um.w4:k] n.课外作业;
honest ['3nist] a.诚实的,正直的,老实的;
honesty ['3nisti] n.诚实,正直,老实;
honey ['h8ni] n.蜜,蜂蜜;
honor/honour [] n.尊敬,敬意;荣誉,光荣; v.尊敬,给以荣誉; in honor of为纪念,向...表示敬意; on one’s honor以名誉担保; 
honorable/honourable [] a.可敬的;荣誉的,光荣的; 
hook [huk] n.钩,吊钩,钩状物; v.钩住;
hope [h4up] v./n.希望,期望;
hopeful ['h4upf4l] a.有希望的;怀有希望的;
horizon [h4'raiz4n] n.地平线;眼界,见识;
horizontal [.h3r4'z3nt4l] a.地平线的;水平的;
horn [h3:n] n.(牛羊等的)角,触角;号,喇叭;角状物;角制品;
horrible ['h3r4b4l] a.令人恐怖的,可怕的;极讨厌的,使人不愉快的;
horror ['h3r4] n.恐怖,战栗;
horse [h3:s] n.马;
horsepower ['h3:s.pau4] n.马力;
hose [h4uz] n.水龙带,软管; v.用软管(淋浇,冲洗);
hospital ['h3spit4l] n.医院;
hospitality [.h3spi't1l4ti] n.好客,殷勤,款待;
host [h4ust] n.主人;旅店老板;节目主持人;一大群,许多;
hostage ['h3stid9] n.人质;
hostess ['h4ustis] n.女主人,女主持人;
hostile ['h3stil] a.敌对的,敌方的,敌意的;
hot [h3t] a.热的;激动的;急躁的;热烈的;辣的;
hotel [h4u'tel] n.旅馆;
hour [au4] n.小时,钟点;时刻;课时,工作时间;
house [haus] n.住宅,房子;议院,机构,所,社; v.供宿,给房子住; keep house管理家务,做家务;
household ['haus.h4uld] n.户,家庭,全家人; a.家庭的;
housewife ['h8zif,'haus.waif] n.家庭主妇;
how [hau] ad.怎样,怎么;多么,多少; how about...如何,...怎样;
however [hau'ev4] ad.无论如何,不管怎样; conj.不管用什么方法,然而,可是,不过;
hug [h8g] v./n.热烈拥抱,紧抱;
huge [hju:d9] a.巨大的,庞大的;
human ['hju:m4n] a.人的,人类的; n.人;
humanity [hju:'m1n4ti] n.人类,人性,人情;[pl.]人文科学;
humble ['h8mb4l] a.谦卑的,恭顺的;低下的,卑贱的; v.降低,贬抑;
humid ['hju:mid] a.湿的,湿气重的;
humidity [hju:'mid4ti] n.湿气,湿度;
humor/humour [] n.幽默,诙谐; 
humorous ['hju:m4r4s] a.幽默的,诙谐的;
hundred ['h8ndr4d] num./n.百,一百个; hundreds of数以百计,许多;
hunger ['h86g4] n./v.饥饿;渴望; hunger after渴望; hunger for渴望;
hungry ['h86gri] a.饥饿的;
hunt [h8nt] v./n.打猎,猎取;(for)搜索;寻找;
hurry ['h4:i] v.(使)赶紧,(使)匆忙; n.匆忙,仓促; hurry up(使)赶快,迅速完成; in a hurry匆忙地,急于;
hurt [h4:t] n.伤痛,伤害; v.刺痛,伤害;伤...的感情;
husband ['h8zb4nd] n.丈夫;
hut [h8t] n.小屋,棚屋;
hydrogen ['haidr4d94n] n.氢;
hypothesis [hai'p374sis] n.假说,假设,前提;
hysterical [his'terik4l] a.情绪异常激动的,歇斯底里的; pron.我;
ice [ais] n.冰; v.冰冻,冰镇; ice-cream; n.冰淇淋;
icy ['aisi] a.冰的;冰冷的;结冰的,多冰的;
idea [ai'di:4] n.思想,概念;想法,主意;
ideal [ai'di:4l] a.理想的,完美的;空想的;理想主义的;唯心的; n.理想;
identical [ai'dentik4l] a.(to.with)同一的,同样的;
identification [ai.dent4f4'kei54n] n.识别,鉴别;
identify [ai'dent4.fai] v.识别,鉴别;(with)把...和...看成一样,打成一片;
idiom ['idi4m] n.习语;
idle ['aidl] a.空闲的,闲置的;无用的,无效的;懒散的; v.空费,虚度;
idleness ['aid4lnis] n.懒惰;赋闲无事;
i.e. [.ai'i:] 也就是;
if [if] conj.如果,假使;是否; if only要是...多好;要是,只要;
ignite [ig'nait] v.点火,引燃;
ignorance ['ign4r4ns] n.无知,愚昧;不知道;
ignorant ['ign4r4nt] a.无知的,愚昧的;不知道的;
ignore [ig'n3r] v.不理,不顾,忽视;
ill [il] a.有病的;坏的;恶意的; ad.坏,恶意地;
illegal [i'li:g4l] a.不合法的,非法的;
illiterate [i'lit4rit] a.文盲的,未受教育的;
illness ['ilnis] n.病,疾病;
illuminate [i'lu:m4.neit] v.照亮,照明;
illustrate ['il4streit] v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图;
illustration [i.l8s'trei54n] n.说明,例证;图解;
image ['imid9] n.形象;肖像,影像,映象;
imaginary [i'm1d94.neri] a.想象的,虚构的;
imagination [i.m1d94'nei54n] n.想象,空想,想像力;
imaginative [i'm1d94.neitiv] a.富有想象力的,爱想象的;
imagine [i'm1d9in] v.想象,设想,料想;
imitate ['im4.teit] v.模仿,仿效;仿造,伪造;
imitation [.im4'tei54n] n.模仿,仿效;仿制;仿造品;
immediate [i'mi:diit] a.立即的,即时的;直接的,最接近的;
immense [i'mens] a.广大的,巨大的;
immerse [i'm4:s] v.使沉浸在;使浸没;
immigrant ['im4gr4nt] a.(从国外)移来的,移民的; n.移民,侨民;
immune [i'mju:n] a.免疫的,有免疫力的;有受影响的;免除的,豁免的;
impact [im'p1kt] n./v.冲击,碰撞;效果,影响;
impair [im'pA4] v.损害,损伤;削弱,减少;
impartial [im'p2:54l] a.(in,to)公正的,无偏见的;
impatient [im'pei54nt] a.不耐烦的,急躁的;
imperialism [im'piri4liz4m] n.帝国主义;
impetus ['imp4t4s] n.推动(力),促进;
implement ['impl4.ment,'impl4m4nt] n.[常pl.]工具,器具; v.贯彻,实现;
implication [.impli'kei54n] n.含意,暗示;
implicit [im'plisit] a.不言明的,含蓄的;(in)固有的;无疑问的;无保留; 的;
imply [im'plai] v.意指,含...意思,暗示;
import ['imp4urt,im'p4urt] v.进口,输入; n.进口,输入;[pl.]进口商品,进口物资;要旨,含意;
importance [im'p3:tns] n.重要,重要性;
important [im'p3:tnt] a.重要的,重大的;有地位的,有权力的;
impose [im'p4uz] v.征(税);(on)把...强加给;
impossible [im'p3s4b4l] a.不可能的,办不到的;
impress ['impres,im'pres] v.(on)印,盖印;留下印象,引人注目; n.印记;
impression [im'pre54n] n.印象,感想;盖印,压痕;
impressive [im'presiv] a.给人深刻印象的,感人的;
imprison [im'priz4n] v.关押,监禁;
improper [im'pr3p4] a.不适当的,不合适的,不正确的,不合礼仪的;
improve [im'pru:v] v.改善,改进,增进;好转,进步; improve on改进;
improvement [im'pru:vm4nt] n.改进,进步,增进;改进措施;
impulse ['imp8ls] v.推动; n.推动;冲动,刺激; on (the) impulse (of...)凭(...的)冲动;
impurity [im'pjur4ti] n.不洁,不纯;杂质;
in [in] prep.[表场所,位置]在...里面,在...中;[表时间]; 在...期间,在...以后;[表状态]在...中;[表工具,方式]; 以...方式;[表范围]在...之内,在...方面; ad.向里,向内;在家,在屋里;到达;来到;
inaccessible [.in1k'ses4b4l] a.(to)达不到的;
inadequate [in'1d4kwit] a.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的;
incapable [in'keip4b4l] a.(of)无能力的,不会的;
inch [int5] n.英寸;
incidence ['ins4d4ns] n.发生(率);
incident ['ins4d4nt] n.事件,事变;
incidentally [.ins4'dent4li] ad.附带地,顺便提及;
incline ['inklain,in'klain] v.(使)倾斜,(使)偏向;(使)倾向于; n.斜坡,斜面;
include [in'klu:d] v.包括,包含,计入;
inclusive [in'klu:siv] a.(of)包括的,包含的;范围广的;
income ['in.k8m] n.收入,收益,所得;
incorporate [in'k3:p4.reit] v.合并,纳入,结合; a.合并的;
increase ['inkri:s,in'kri:s] v./n.增加,增长,增进;
increasingly [in'kri:si6li:] ad.不断增加地,日益;
incredible [in'kred4b4l] a.不可相信的,惊人的,不可思议的;
incur [in'k4:] v.招致,惹起,遭受;
indeed [in'di:d] ad.确实,实在;真正地,多么;
independence [.indi'pend4ns] n.独立,自主;
independent [.indi'pend4nt] a.(of)独立的,自主的; index([pl.]indexes,indices); n.索引;指标,标志;指数; v.附以索引,编入索引;
india ['indi4] n.印度;
indian ['indi4n] a.印度的,印度人的,印第安人的; n.印度人,印第安人;
indicate ['ind4.keit] v.指出,指示;表明,暗示;
indication [.ind4'kei54n] n.指出,指示;表明,暗示;
indicative [in'dik4tiv] a.(of)指示的,暗示的;
indifferent [in'dif4r4nt,in'difr4nt] a.冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的;
indignant [in'dign4nt] a.愤慨的,愤慨不平的;
indignation [.indig'nei54n] n.愤怒,愤慨;
indispensable [.indis'pens4b4l] a.(to,for)必不可少的,必需的;
individual [.ind4'vid9u4l] a.个人的,单独的;独特的; n.个人,个体;
indoor ['in.d4ur] a.室内的,户内的;
indoors ['in'd4urz] ad.在室内;往室内;
induce [in'dju:s] v.引诱,劝使;引起,导致;感应;
induction [in'd8k54n] n.感应,感应现象;
industrial [in'd8stri4l] a.工业的,产业的;
industrialize [in'd8stri4l.aiz] v.(使)工业化;
industrious [in'd8stri4s] a.勤勉的,勤奋的;
industry ['ind4stri] n.工业,产业;勤劳,勤奋;
inertia [in'4:54] n.不活动,惰性;惯性;
inevitable [in'ev4t4b4l] a.不可避免的,必然发生的;
infant ['inf4nt] n.婴儿,幼儿;
infectious [in'fek54s] a.传染的,传染性的,有感染力的;
infer [in'f4:] v.推论,推断;
inferior [in'firi4] a.(to)下等的,下级的;差的,次的; n.下级,晚辈;
infinite ['inf4nit] a.无限的,无穷的; n.无限;
infinity [in'fin4ti] n.无限,无穷;大量;
inflation [in'flei54n] n.通货膨胀;
influence ['influ4ns] n.(on)影响,感化;势力,权势; v.影响,感化;
influential [.influ'en54l] a.有影响的;有权势的;
inform [in'f3:m] v.(of,about)通知,告诉,报告;告发,告密;
information [.inf4'mei54n] n.通知,报告;情报,资料,消息;信息;
infrared [infr4'red] a./n.红外线(的);
ingenious [in'd9i:nj4s] a.机灵的;有独创性的;精制的;
ingredient [in'gri:di4nt] n.组成部分,成分;
inhabit [in'h1bit] v.居住,栖息;
inhabitant [in'h1b4t4nt] n.居民,住户;
inherent [in'hir4nt] a.固有的,内在的,天生的;
inherit [in'herit] v.继承;
initial [i'ni54l] a.最初的,开头的;词首的; n.词首大写字母;
initiate [i'ni5i.eit,i'ni5iit] v.开始,发动;
initiative [i'ni54tiv] a.创始的,起始的; n.第一步,创始,主动精神;
inject [in'd9ekt] v.注射,注入;
injure ['ind94] v.损害,损伤,伤害;
injury ['ind94ri] n.损伤,损害,毁坏;
ink [i6k] n.墨水;
inland ['inl4nd] a./ad.国内,内地,内陆;
inlet ['in.let,in'let] n.水湾,小湾;进口,入口;
inn [in] n.小旅馆,客栈;
inner ['in4] a.内部的,里面的;内心的;
innocent ['in4s4nt] a.(of)清白的,无罪的;无害的;天真的,单纯的,无知; 的;
innovation [.in4'vei54n] n.革新,改革;
innumerable [i'nju:m4r4b4l] a.无数的,数不清的;
input ['in.put] n./v.输入;
inquire/enquire [] v.(of,about)询问,打听;调查,查问; 
inquiry/enquiry [] n.询问,打听,调查; 
insect ['insekt] n.昆虫;
insert ['ins4:t,in's4:t] v.插入,嵌入;
inside ['in'said,in'said] a.里面的,内部的,内幕的; ad.在里面,在内部; n.内部,里面,内侧; prep.在…里,在...内;
insight ['in.sait] n.洞察力,见识;
insist [in'sist] v.(on)坚持要求,坚决主张,坚持;
inspect [in'spekt] v.检查,调查,视察;
inspector [in'spekt4] n.检查员,监察员,视察员;
inspiration [.insp4'rei54n] n.灵感;鼓舞,激励;
inspire [in'spai4] v.鼓舞,激起;使产生灵感;
instability [.inst4'bil4ti] n.不稳定(性);
install/instal [] v.安装,设置; 
installation [.inst4'lei54n] n.安装,设置;装置,设备;
instance ['inst4ns] n.例子,事例,例证; for instance例如,举例说;
instant ['inst4nt] a.立即的,直接的;紧迫的;(食品)速溶的,方便的; n.瞬间,时刻;
instantaneous [.inst4n'teini4s] a.瞬间的,即刻的;
instantly ['inst4ntli] ad.立即,即刻;
instead [in'sted] ad.代替,顶替; instead of代替,而不是;不是...(而是);
instinct ['insti6kt,in'sti6kt] n.本能,直觉,天性;
institute ['inst4tju:t] n.学会,研究所;学院; v.设立,设置,制定;
institution [.inst4'tju:54n] n.公共机构,协会,学校;制度,惯例;
instruct [in'str8kt] v.教,教授;命令,指示;
instruction [in'str8k54n] n.教授;指导,指示;[pl.]用法说明(书),操作指南;
instructor [in'str8kt4] n.指导者,教员;
instrument ['instr4m4nt] n.工具,仪器,器械;乐器;
insufficient [.ins4'fi54nt] a.(for,of)不足的,不够的;
insulate ['ins4.leit] v.隔离,孤立;使绝缘,使绝热;
insulator ['ins4.leit4] n.绝缘体,绝缘子;
insult ['ins8lt,in's8lt] v./n.侮辱,凌辱;
insurance [in'5ur4ns] n.保险,保险费,保险业;
insure [in'5u4] v.保险,给…保险;保证;
intact [in't1kt] a.完整无缺的,未经触动的,未受损伤的;
integral ['int4gr4l] a.构成整体所必需的;完整的;
integrate ['int4.greit] v.(into,with)(使)成为一体,(使)结合在一起,(使); 合并;
integrity [in'tegr4ti] n.正直,诚实;完整,完全;
intellectual [.int4l'ekt5u4l] n.知识分子;
intelligence [in'tel4d94ns] n.智力,聪明;理解力;情报,消息,报导;
intelligent [in'tel4d94nt] a.聪明的,明智的;
intend [in'tend] v.想要,打算,企图;
intense [in'tens] a.强烈的,剧烈的;热烈的,热情的;
intensity [in'tens4ti] n.强烈,剧烈;强度;
intensive [in'tensiv] a.加强的,集中的,深入细致的;
intention [in'ten54n] n.意图,意向,目的;
interact [.int4'r1kt] v.互相作用,互相影响;
intercourse ['int4.k4urs] n.交际,往来;
interest ['int4rist] n.(in)兴趣,关心,重要性;影响;利息;[常pl.]利益,; 利害; v.(in)使发生兴趣,引起的...的注意;
interesting ['int4risti6,'intr4sti6] a.有趣的,引人入胜的;
interfere [.int4'fi4] v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰;
interference [.int4'fir4ns] n.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰;
interior [in'tiri4] a.内部的,里面的; n.内部,内地;
intermediate [.int4'mi:di4t] a.中间的,居间的;中级的; n.中间体,媒介物;
intermittent [.int4'mit4nt] a.间歇的,断断续续的;
internal [in't4:n4l] a.内部的,内的;国内的,内政的;
international [.int4'n154n4l] a.国际的,世界的;
interpret [in't4:prit] v.解释,说明;口译;
interpreter [in't4:prit4] n.译员,口译者;
interrupt [.int4'r8pt] v.中断,遮断,阻碍;打断(话),打扰;
interval ['int4v4l] n.间隔,间歇;(幕间或工间)休息; at intervals不时,时时;
intervene [.int4'vi:n] v.(in)干涉,干预;插入,介入;
interview ['int4.vju:] v./n.接见,会见;采访;面试;
intimate ['int4.meit,'int4mit] a.亲密的,密切的;
into ['intu:] prep.到...里,进入;
intricate ['intr4kit] a.错综复杂的,复杂精细的;
introduce [.intr4'dju:s] v.介绍;传入,引进;提出;采用;
introduction [.intr4'd8k54n] n.(to)介绍;传入,引进;导言,导论,绪论;
intuition [.intju:'i54n] n.直觉;
invade [in'veid] v.入侵,侵略,侵害;
invalid [in'v1lid] n.病人,病弱者,伤残人; a.有病的,伤残的;供病人用的;无效的;作废的;
invaluable [in'v1lj4b4l] a.非常宝贵的,无价的;
invasion [in'vei94n] n.侵入,侵略;
invent [in'vent] v.发明,创造;捏造,虚构;
invention [in'ven54n] n.发明,创造;
invert [in'v4:t] v.倒置,倒转,颠倒;
invest [in'vest] v.投资;
investigate [in'vest4.geit] v.调查,调查研究;
investment [in'vestm4nt] n.投资,投资额;
invisible [in'viz4b4l] a.看不见的,无形的;
invitation [.inv4'tei54n] n.邀请,招待;请柬;
invite [in'vait] v.邀请,招待;
involve [in'v3lv] v.卷入,陷入,连累;包含,含有,涉及;
inward ['inw4d] ad.(also inwards)向内,在内; a.向内的,在内的,里面的;
ion ['ai4n] n.离子;
iron ['ai4n] n.铁;烙铁,熨斗; v.熨(衣),熨平;
irregular [i'regj4l4] a.不规则的,无规律的,不齐的;
irregularity [.iregj4'l1r4ti] n.不规则,无规律;
irrespective [.iri'spektiv] a.(of)不顾的,不考虑的;
irritate ['ir4.teit] v.激怒,恼火,使急躁;
island ['ail4nd] n.岛,岛屿;
isolate ['ais4l.eit] v.隔离,孤立;
isotope ['ais4.t4up] n.同位素;
issue ['i5ju] v.流出,放出;发行,发表,颁布; n.发行(物),(报刊)期号;问题,争论点,争端;
it [it] pron.它;[作先行词引导短语或从句];[作无人称动; 词的主语,表示时间,气候,距离等];
Italian [i't1lj4n] a.意大利的,意大利人的,意大利语的; n.意大利人,意大利语;
item ['ait4m] n.条,条款,项目;
its [its] pron.它的;
itself [it'self] pron.它自己,它本身; by itself独自,单独; in itself本身;
jacket ['d91kit] n.短上衣,茄克衫;
jail/gaol [] n.监狱; v.监禁; 
jam [d91m] n.阻塞,轧住;果酱; v.(使)阻塞,(使)轧住不动;
January ['d91nju.eri] n.一月;
Japan [d94'p1n] n.日本;
Japanese [.d91p4'ni:z] a.日本的,日本人的,日语的; n.日本人,日语;
jar [d92:] n.罐坛,广口瓶;
jargon ['d92:g4n] n.行话;
jaw [d93:] n.颌,颚;
jazz [d91z] n.爵士乐;
jealous ['d9el4s] a.(of)妒忌的;猜疑的,警惕的;
jealousy ['d9el4si] n.妒忌;猜忌;提防;
jet [d9et] n.喷气发动机,喷气式飞机;喷口,喷嘴; v.喷出,喷射;
jewel ['d9u:4l] n.宝石,宝石饰物;
jewelry/jewllery [] n.[总称]珠宝; 
Jewish ['d9u:i5] a.犹太人的;
Job [d94ub,d93b] n.职业,职位;一件工作,活儿;
jog [d93g] v.慢跑;
Join [d93in] v.参加,加入;连接,接合;
Joint [d93int] n.接合处,接头,接缝;关节,骨节; a.联合的,共同的,连接的;
joke [d94uk] n.笑话,玩笑; v.说笑话,开玩笑;
jolly ['d93li] a.欢乐的,高兴的; ad.非常;
journal ['d94:n4l] n.定期刊物,杂志,日报;日志,日记;
journalist ['d94:n4list] n.记者,新闻工作者;
journey ['d94:ni] n.旅行,旅程; v.旅行;
joy [d93i] n.欢乐,喜悦;乐事,乐趣;
judge [d98d9] n.法官,审判员;裁判员,评判员,鉴定人; v.审判,判决;评定,裁判;断定,判断;
judgment/judgement [] n.审判,判决;判断力,识别力,看法,意见; 
juice [d9u:s] n.(水果等)汁,液;
July [d9u:'lai] n.七月;
jump [d98mp] v.跳跃,跳动; n.跳跃,跳动;暴涨,猛增;
junction ['d986k54n] n.连接,接合;交叉点,接合处,枢纽站;
June [d9u:n] n.六月;
junior ['d9u:nj4] a.年少的,年幼的;低年级的;后进的,下级的;[美国; 四年制大学]三年级的; n.年少者,低班生;下级,晚辈;(美国四年制大学)三; 年级学生;
jury ['d9uri] n.陪审团;全体评审员;
just [d98st] ad.正好,恰好;仅仅,只是;刚才;简直; a.公正的,公平的;恰当的,应得的;
justice ['d98stis] n.公正,公平;审判,司法;
justify ['d98st4.fai] v.证明…是正当的,认为有理;
keen [ki:n] a.锋利的;敏锐的;敏捷的;(on)热心的,渴望的;
keep [ki:p] v.保留,保存;保持,继续;保守;遵守;守护;扣留,留; 住;经营,经售;供养,饲养;(from)防止; keep back阻止,阻挡;隐瞒,保留; keep down控制,压制,镇压;压低,放低(声音); keep from使...不(做); keep off不接近,避开; keep on继续不断,保持; keep out of躲开,置身...之外; keep to坚持,保持; keep up保持,维持;继续进行,坚持; keep up with向...看齐,跟上...;
kerosene/kerosine [] n.煤油,火油; 
kettle ['ket4l] n.水壶;
key [ki:] n.钥匙;(to)答案,解答;关键;键,琴键; a.主要的,关键的;
keyboard ['ki:.b4urd] n.键盘;
kick [kik] v./n.踢;
kid [kid] n.小孩,儿童; v.戏弄,取笑;
kidnap ['kidn1p] v.绑架;
kidney ['kidni] n.肾,肾脏;
kill [kil] v.杀死;破坏,毁掉;消磨(时间);
kilo/kilogram/kilogramme [] n.千克,公斤; 
kilometer/kilometre [] n.千米,公里; 
kilowatt ['kil4u.w3t] n.千瓦;
kind [kaind] n.种类; a.仁慈的,亲切的,和善的;
kindergarten ['kind4.g2:t4n] n.幼儿园;
kindness ['kaindnis] n.仁慈,亲切;好意;友好行为;
king [ki6] n.国王;
kingdom ['ki6d4m] n.王国,领域;
kiss [kis] v./n.吻;
kitchen ['kit5in] n.厨房;
kite [kait] n.风筝;
knee [ni:] n.膝,膝盖;
kneel [ni:l] v.跪,下跪;
knife [naif] n.刀,餐刀; v.用刀切,用匕首刺;
knit [nit] v.编织,编结;接合,粘合;
knob [n3b] n.门把,(球形)把手,旋纽;
knock [n3k] v.敲,敲打,碰撞; n.敲,击; knock down撞倒,击倒; knock out击倒,击昏;
knot [n3t] n.(绳)结;(树)节;节(=海里/小时); v.打结;
know [n4u] v.知道,了解;认识,熟悉;精通; known as被认为是,被称为;
knowledge ['n3lid9] n.知识,学识;知道,了解;
lab/laboratory [] n.实验室,研究室; 
label ['leib4l] n.标签;标记,符号; v.贴标签于...,把...称为;
labor/labour [] n.工作,劳动;劳力,劳工,劳方; v.劳动;苦干; 
lace [leis] n.花边;带子,鞋带; v.系带,扎带;
lack [l1k] n./v.缺乏,不足;
lad [l1d] n.男孩,小伙子;
ladder ['l1d4] n.梯子,阶梯;
lady ['leidi] n.女士,夫人,小组; Ladies (also ladies’room)[用作单]公共女厕所,; 女盥洗室;
lag [l1g] v./n.落后(于),滞后(于);
lake [leik] n.湖;
lamb [l1m] n.羔羊,小羊;羔羊肉;
lame [leim] a.跛的,站不住脚的,有缺陷的;
lamp [l1mp] n.灯;
land [l1nd] n.陆地,土地;田地,国土,国家; v.(使)登陆;(使)着陆;
landing ['l1ndi6] n.登陆;着陆;楼梯平台;
landlady ['l1nd.leidi] n.女房东,女地主;
landlord ['l1nd.l3:d] n.房东,地主;
lane [lein] n.小路,小巷,行车道;
language ['l16gwid9] n.语言;
lantern ['l1nt4n] n.灯,灯笼;
lap [l1p] n.大腿;
large [l2:d9] a.大的,广大的,大规模的; at large一般;大体上;
largely ['l2:d9li] ad.主要地,基本上;大量地,大规模地;
lark [l2:k] n.百灵鸟,云雀;
laser ['leiz4] n.激光;
last [l2:st] a.最后的,唯一剩下的;上一个的; ad.最后;最近一次,上一次; v.持续,耐久; at last最终,终于;
late [leit] a.迟的,晚的,晚期的;已故的; ad.迟,晚;
lately ['leitli] ad.最近,不久前;
latent ['leit4nt,'leitnt] a.潜在的,潜伏的,不易察觉的;
later ['leit4] ad.后来,过后;
lateral ['l1t4r4l] n.侧面的,旁边的;
Latin ['l1tn] a.拉丁的,拉丁文的; n.拉丁语;
latitude ['l1t4.tju:d] n.纬度;
latter ['l1t4] a.后面的,末了的; pron.后者;
laugh [l2:f] v.笑;(on)讥笑; n.笑,笑声;
laughter ['l2:ft4] n.笑,笑声;
launch [l3:nt5] v.发射;使(船)下水,发动,开展; n.发射,下水;
laundry ['l3:ndri] n.洗衣房(店);待洗衣物,所洗衣物;
lavatory ['l1v4.t4uri] n.厕所,盥洗室;
law [l3:] n.法律,法令,法规;法则,规律,定律;
lawn [l3:n] n.草地,草坪;
lawyer ['l3:j4] n.律师;
lay [lei] v.放,搁;下(蛋);铺设,砌砖; lay aside把...搁置一边;储蓄; lay down放下;制定,拟定;铺设; lay off(临时)解雇;休息; lay out安排,布置;陈列,展示;设计,制定;
layer ['lei4] n.层;
layout ['lei.aut] n.布局,陈设;
lazy ['leizi] a.懒惰的,懒散的;
lead [led,li:d] v.领导,引导;领先,占首位;(to)通向,导致,引起; n.带领,引导;铅;
leadership ['li:d45ip] n.领导;
leading ['ledi6,'li:di6] a.领导的,指导的;第一位的;最主要的;
leaf [li:f] n.叶子;(书刊的)一页,一张;金属薄片;
leaflet ['li:flit] n.小叶,嫩叶;传单,活页;
league [li:g] n.同盟,联盟;联合会,社团;
leak [li:k] v.漏,泄漏; n.漏洞,漏隙;泄漏,漏出;
leakage ['likid9] n.漏,泄漏;
lean [li:n] v.倾斜,屈身;倚,靠,依赖; a.瘦的,无脂肪的;
leap [li:p] v.跳,跳跃; n.跳跃,飞跃;
learn [l4:n] v.学习,学,学会;(of/about)听到,获悉;
learned ['l4:nid] a.博学的,有学问的;
learning ['l4:ni6] n.知识,学问;学习;
least [li:st] a.最小的;最少的; ad.最小;最少; at least至少,最低限度; in the least一点,丝毫;
leather ['le04] n.皮革,皮革制品;
leave [li:v] v.离开,出发;留下,剩下,忘带;让,听任;交付,委托; n.许可,准假;假期; leave behind留下,忘记带; leave out遗漏,略去;
lecture ['lekt54] n./v.演讲,讲课;
left [left] a./n.左,左边(的);
leg [leg] n.腿;
legal ['li:g4l] a.法律的,法定的;合法的,正当的;
legend ['led94nd] n.传说,传奇;
leisure ['li:94] n.空闲,闲暇;悠闲,安逸; at leisure从容地,有空;
lemon ['lem4n] n.柠檬;
lend [lend] v.借给,贷(款); lend itself to适宜于,对...有用;
length [le67] n.长,长度;一段,一节,程度,范围; at length终于,最后;详细地;
lengthen ['le674n] v.延长,(使)变长;
lens [lenz] n.透镜,镜头;
less [les] a./ad.更少的(地),更小的(地); no less than决不少于,不亚于,不次于;(和...)一样;
lessen ['les4n] v.减少,减轻;
lesser ['les4] a.较小的;较少的;次要的;
lesson ['les4n] n.功课;课;[常pl.]课程;教训;
lest [lest] conj.惟恐,免得;
let [let] v.让,允许,听任;设,假设;出租,租给; let alone不干涉;更不用说; let down放下,降低;使失望; let go放开,松手; let in让...进入,放...进来; let loose放开,放松,释放; let off放(炮,烟火),开(枪);宽恕,从宽处理;免除; let out放掉,放出,发出;放大(衣服);放松(绳子);
letter ['let4] n.信,函件;字母,文字;
level ['lev4l] n.水平,水准;等级,级别; a.水平的,平的; v.弄平,铺平;
lever ['lev4] n.杆,杠杆;
liability [.lai4'bil4ti] n.责任,义务;[pl.]债务;
liable ['lai4b4l] a.(for)有责任的,有义务的;(to+inf.)有...倾向的,; 易于…的;
liar ['lai4] n.说谎的人;
liberal ['lib4r4l] a.慷慨的,大方的;丰富的,富足的;自由的,思想开朗; 的;
liberate ['lib4.reit] v.解放,释放;
liberty ['lib4ti] n.自由;
librarian [lai'breri4n] n.图书管理员;
library ['lai.breri] n.图书馆;藏书室;藏书,丛书,文库;
license/licence [] n.许可证,执照; v.准许,认可; 
lick [lik] v./n.舔;
lid [lid] n.盖;
lie [lai] v.躺,平放;位于; v./n.说谎;谎话,谎言; lie in在于;
life [laif] n.生命;生物;一生,生涯;生活,生计;
lifetime ['laif.taim] n.一生,终生;
lift [lift] v.(使)升起,举起;消散; n.电梯;上升;举起;免费搭车;
light [lait] n.光,光亮,光线;灯,灯光,光源; v.点(火),点燃;(使)变亮,照亮; a.轻的;轻松的;(颜色)淡的,光亮的; cast/shed/throw light on/upon使明白,阐明; in (the) light of按照,根据;
lighten ['laitn] v.减轻,(使)轻松;(使)发亮,照亮;
lighter [lait] n.打火机;
lightly ['laitli] ad.轻轻地;容易地,轻松地;
lightning ['laitni6] n.闪电; a.闪电般的,快速的;
like [laik] v.喜欢,希望,想要; prep.像,如,跟...一样; conj.如同,好像; a.相似的,同样的; n.相似的人(物);
likelihood ['laikli.hud] n.可能性;
likely ['laikli] a.很可能的,有希望的; ad.大概,多半;
likeness ['laiknis] n.同样,相似;
likewise ['laik.waiz] ad.同样地,照样地;又,也,而且;
limb [lim] n.肢,翼,大树枝;
lime [laim] n.石灰;
limestone ['laim.st4un] n.石灰石;
limit ['limit] n.界限,限度,范围; v.(to)限制,限定;
limitation [.lim4'tei54n] n.限制,局限性;
limited ['limitid] a.有限的,被限制的;
limp [limp] a.柔软的,易曲的; v./n.蹒跚,跛行;
line [lain] n.线,绳;路线,航线;排,行;线路,电线;界线,边线; v.排队;加衬,作里子; in line成一直线,排成一行; in line with和...成直线,与...一致,按照; line up排队,使排成一行;
linen ['lin4n] n.亚麻布,亚麻布制品;
liner ['lain4] n.班机,班轮;
linger ['li6g4] v.逗留,徘徊,拖延;
link [li6k] v.连接,联系; n.环节,链环;
lion ['lai4n] n.狮子;
lip [lip] n.嘴唇;
liquid ['likwid] n.液体; a.液体的,液态的;
liquor ['lik4] n.酒,烈性酒;
list [list] n.表,目录,名单; v.把...编列成表,列入表内;
listen ['lis4n] v.(to)听;(to)听从;
liter/litre [] n.升[容量单位]; 
literally ['lit4r4li] ad.照字面意义,逐字地;确实;
literary ['lit4.reri] a.文学上的,文学的;精通文学的,从事写作的;
literature ['lit4r4t54] n.文学,文学作品,文献;
little ['lit4l] a.小的,幼小的;矮小的;渺小的;很少的,几乎没有的; n.没有多少,少量; ad.毫不,几乎不; a little一点,稍;一些,少许; little by little逐渐地; quite a little相当多,不少;
live [laiv,liv] v.居住;生活;生存;过(生活); a.活的;实况播送的; live on/by靠...生活,以...为食; live through度过,经受过; live up to做到,不辜负;
lively ['laivli] a.活泼的,活跃的;栩栩如生的,真实的;
liver ['liv4] n.肝,肝脏;
living ['livi6] a.活的,活着的; n.生活,生计; living-room; n.起居室;
load [l4ud] v.装(货),装载,装填; n.装载(量),负荷(量);(一)担,(一)车;
loaf [l4uf] n.一个面包;
loan [l4un] n.贷款;出借,借出; v.借出;
lobby ['l3bi] n.门廊,门厅,(会议)休息厅;
local ['l4uk4l] a.地方的,当地的;局部的;
locality [l4u'k1l4ti] n.位置,地点;
locate [l4u'keit] v.查找...地点;使...坐落于,位于;
location [l4u'kei54n] n.位置,场所;
lock [l3k] n.锁; v.锁,锁上;
locker ['l3k4] n.更衣箱;
locomotive [.l4uk4'm4utiv] n.机车,火车头; a.运动的,移动的,运载的;
lodge [l3d9] v.住宿,投宿,留宿;
lodging ['l3d9i6] n.寄宿,住宿;住房,住所;
log [l3g] n.原木,圆木;航海日志;
logic ['l3d9ik] n.逻辑,逻辑学;
logical ['l3d9ik4l] a.逻辑的,符合逻辑的;
lonely ['l4unli] a.孤独的,寂寞的;
long [l36] a.长的,远的,长久的,长期的; ad.长久,长期地; v.(for)渴望,极想; as long as/so long as只要,如果; before long不久以后; for long长久地; no longer不再,已不;
longing ['l36i6] n.(for)渴望;
longitude ['l3nd94'tju:d] n.经度;
look [luk] v.(at)看,望,注视;显得,好像; n.(at)看,望;外表,样子,脸色; look after照管,照料; look at看望,注视; look back回顾,回头看; look down on看不起,轻视; look for寻找,寻求; look forward to盼望,期待; look in顺便看望; look into调查,观察,过问,窥视; look on旁观,观看;看待;视作; look out留神,注意,提防,警惕; look over检查,查看,调查; look through仔细查看,浏览,温习; look up查阅,查寻; look up to尊敬,敬仰;
loop [lu:p] n.圈,环;
loose [lu:s] a.松的,肥大的;
loosely ['lu:sli] ad.宽松地,松散地;
loosen ['lu:s4n] v.解开,放松;
lord [l3:d] n.[Lord]上帝,主;主人,长官,君主,贵族;
lorry ['l3ri] n.卡车,运货汽车;
lose [lu:z] v.丢,丢失;迷(路);输;(钟表)走慢;
loss [l3s] n.丢失,遗失,丧失;损失,亏损; at a loss困惑,不知所措;
lot [l3t] n.许多;(抽)签; a lot (of)大量(的),很多(的); lots of大量,很多;
loud [laud] a.大声的,响亮的;吵闹的,喧嚣的;
loudspeaker ['laud'spi:k4] n.扬声器,扩音器;
lounge [laund9] n.休息室,起居室,客厅;
love [l8v] v.爱,热爱;爱好,喜欢; n.爱,热爱; fall in love (with)相爱,爱上;
lovely ['l8vli] a.可爱的,好看的;令人愉快的,美好的;
lover ['l8v4] n.爱好者;[pl.]情侣;
low [l4u] a.低的,矮的;低劣的,低级的,卑贱的;低声的;
lower ['l4u4,'lau4] a.较低的,下级的,下游的; v.降下,放低;
loyal ['l3i4l] a.(to)忠诚的,忠贞的;
loyalty ['l3i4lti] n.忠诚,忠心;
lubricate ['lu:bri.keit] v.润滑,加润滑油;
luck [l8k] n.运气;好运,侥幸;
lucky ['l8ki] a.幸运的,侥幸的;
luggage ['l8gid9] n.行李;
lumber ['l8mb4] n.木材,木料;
lump [l8mp] n.团,块; v.(使)成团,(使)成块;
lunar ['lu:n4] a.月的,月亮的; lunar calendar农历;
lunch [l8nt5] n.午餐;
lung [l86] n.肺;
luxury ['l8k54ri] n.奢侈,华贵;奢侈品;
machine [m4'5i:n] n.机器,机械; v.用机器加工;
machinery [m4'5i:n4ri] n.[总称]机器,机械;
macroscopic [.m1kr4'sk3pik] a.宏观的;
mad [m1d] a.发疯的;狂热的,着迷的;恼火的,生气的;
madam/madame [] n.[常作Madam]女士,夫人,太太; 
magazine [.m1g4'zi:n] n.杂志,期刊;
magic ['m1d9ik] n.魔法,魔术,戏法; a.有魔力的,魔术的;
magician [m4'd9i54n] n.魔法家;
magnet ['m1gnit] n.磁体,磁铁;
magnetic [m1g'netik] a.磁的,有磁性的;有吸引力的;
magnetism ['m1gn4.tiz4m] n.磁;魅力,吸引力;
magnificent [m1g'nif4s4nt] a.壮丽的,宏伟的;
magnify ['m1gn4.fai] v.放大,扩大;
magnitude ['m1gn4.tju:d] n.大小,数量;巨大,广大;
maid [meid] n.少女,处女,女仆;
mail [meil] n.邮件; v.邮寄;
main [mein] a.主要的,总的; n.总管道;干线;
mainland ['meinl4nd] n.大陆,本土;
mainly ['meinli] ad.大体上,主要地;
maintain [mein'tein] v.维修,保养;维持,保持;坚持,主张,支持;
maintenance ['meint4n4ns] n.维修,保养;维持,保持;
major ['meid94] a.(较)大的,(较)重要的; n.专业,主修科目;专业学生;少校; v.(in)主修,专攻;
majority [m4'd93r4ti] n.多数,大多数;
make [meik] v.做,制造;准备,布置;使,使得;获得;总计,等于; n.(产品)制造方法,(产品)来源;牌子; be made up of由...构成,由...组成; make for走向,驰向;有助于,有利于; make out辨认,区分;理解,了解;开列,书写; make up构成,组成,拼凑;弥补,赔偿;化装,编造;和; 解; make up for补偿,弥补; make-up/makeup; n.组成,构造;化装(品);
male [meil] n./a.男性(的),雄性(的);
malfunction [m1l'f8654n] n./v.失灵;功能失常;
maltreat [m1l'tri:t] v.虐待;
man [m1n] n.男人;人类,人;
manage ['m1nid9] v.经营,管理,处理;设法,对付;操纵,运用;
management ['m1nid9m4nt] n.经营,管理;管理部门;
manager ['m1nid94] n.经理,管理人;
manifest ['m1n4.fest] v.表明,证明,显示; a.明白的,明了的;
manipulate [m4'nipj4.leit] v.操作,控制;应付,处理;
mankind ['m1n.kaind,m1n'kaind] n.人类;
manly ['m1nli] a.男子气概的,果断的;
manner ['m1n4] n.方式,方法;举止;[pl.]风度,礼貌;规矩;风俗;
manual ['m1nju4l] a.手的,手工做的,体力的; n.手册,指南;
manufacture [.m1nj4'f1kt54] v.制造,加工; n.制造,制造业;产品;
manuscript ['m1nj4.skript] n.手稿,原稿;
many ['meni] a.许多的,多的; pron.许多人,许多; a great/good many许多,大量; many a许多的;
map [m1p] n.图,地图;
marble ['m2:b4l] n.大理石,云石;
march [m2:t5] v.(使)行军,(使)行进; n.行军,行程;[March]三月;
margin ['m2:d9in] n.页边空白;边缘;余地;幅度;
marginal ['m2:d9in4l] a.记在页边的;边缘的;
marine [m4'ri:n] a.海的,海生的;船舶的,航海的;
mark [m2:k] n.痕迹,斑点;记号,符号;(考试等的)分数; v.批改,打分;标明,作记号于; mark time原地踏步,停止不前,拖延时间;
market ['m2:kit] n.集市,市场;销路,需求(量); v.销售;
marriage ['m1rid9] n.结婚,婚姻;结婚仪式;
married ['m1rid] a.已婚的,夫妇的;(to)与...结婚的;
marry ['m1ri] v.结婚,嫁,娶;
Mars [m2:z] n.火星;
marvelous/marvellous [] a.惊人的,奇迹般的,妙极的; 
Marxism ['m2:ksiz4m] n.马克思主义;
mask [m2:sk] n.面具,面罩;假面具,伪装;
mass [m1s] n.大量,众多;团,块;[pl.]群众,民众;质量;
massive ['m1siv] a.大而重的,厚实的,粗大的;大规模的,大量的;
master ['m2:st4] n.男主人,雇主;师傅,能手,名家;[Master]硕士; v.精通,掌握; a.主要的;
masterpiece ['m2:st4.pi:s] n.杰作,名著;
mat [m1t] n.席子,垫子;
match [m1t5] n.火柴;比赛,竞赛;对手,敌手; v.匹配,相配,相称;
mate [meit] n.伙伴,同事;配偶;
material [m4'tiri4l] n.材料,原料,资料; a.物质的,实体的;
materialism [m4'tiri4l.iz4m] n.唯物主义;
mathematical [.m174'm1tik4l] a.数学(上)的;
mathematics/math/maths [] n.数学; 
matter ['m1t4] n.物质,物体;毛病,麻烦;事情,问题; v.有关系,要紧; a matter of(关于...的)问题;大约; as a matter of fact其实,事实上; no matter how(what,when...etc.)无论怎样(什么,; 何时...等);
mature [m4'tju4] a.成熟的,熟的;成年人的; v.(使)成熟;
maximum ['m1ks4m4m] n.最大值,极限; a.最大的,最高的;
may [mei] aux.v.可能,也许,可以;祝,愿; n.[May]五月;
maybe ['meibi] ad.大概,或许;
mayor ['mei4] n.市长;
me [mi:] pron.[I的宾格]我;
meadow ['med4u] n.草地,牧场;
meal [mi:l] n.膳食,一餐;
mean [mi:n] v.表示...的意思,意指;意欲,打算; a.卑鄙的;吝啬的;小气的;低劣的;平均的; n.平均值;
meaning ['mi:ni6] n.意思,意义,含义;
means [mi:nz] n.方法,手段; by all means无论如何,必定; by means of借助于,用; by no mean决不;
meantime ['mi:n.taim] n.其间,其时; ad.同时,当时;
meanwhile ['mi:n.wail] n.其间,其时; ad.同时,当时;
measurable ['me94r4b4l] a.可测量的;
measure ['me94] v.量,测量; n.尺寸,大小;[常pl.]措施,办法;
meat [mi:t] n.(食用)肉类;
mechanic [m4'k1nik] n.技工,机修工;
mechanical [m4'k1nik4l] a.机械的,由机构制成的;机械似的,呆板的;
mechanics [m4'k1niks] n.力学,机械学;
mechanism ['mek4.niz4m] n.机械装置,机构;机制;
medal ['med4l] n.奖章,勋章,纪念章;
medical ['medik4l] a.医学的,医疗的,医药的;内科的;
medicine ['med4s4n] n.内服药,医药;医术;医学,内科学;
Mediterranean [.med4t4'reini4n] n./a.地中海(的); medium([pl.]media); n.中间,适中;媒介物,介质,传导体; a.中等的,适中的;
meet [mi:t] v.(with)遇见,碰到,会见,会谈;迎接;满足;符合;
meeting ['mi:ti6] n.会议,集会;会见,会合;
melon ['mel4n] n.甜瓜;
melt [melt] v.(使)融化,(使)熔化;
member ['memb4] n.成员,会员;
membership ['memb4.5ip] n.会员资格,成员资格;
memorial [m4'm4uri4l] a.记忆的,纪念的; n.纪念物,纪念碑,纪念馆;
memory ['mem4ri] n.记忆,记忆力;回忆;存储(器); in memory of纪念;
mend [mend] v.修理,缝补;改正,改进;
mental ['ment4l] a.精神的,智力的;
mention ['men54n] v./n.提及,说起;
menu ['menju:] n.菜单;
merchandise ['m4:t54n.daiz] n.商品,货物;
merchant ['m4:t54nt] n.商人,零售商;
merciful ['m4:sif4l] a.仁慈的,宽大的;
mercury ['m4:kj4ri] n.水银,汞;
mercy ['m4:si] n.仁慈,怜悯,宽恕;
mere [mi4] a.纯粹的;仅仅,只不过;
merit ['merit] n.优点,价值,功绩; v.值得,应得;
merry ['meri] a.欢乐的,愉快的;
mess [mes] n.混乱,混杂,脏乱; v.弄脏,弄乱,搞糟;
message ['mesid9] n.消息,信息,通讯;启示,要旨;
messenger ['mes4nd94] n.送信者,使者,传令兵;
metal ['met4l] n.金属,金属制品;
meter/metre [] n.计,表,仪表;米; 
method ['me74d] n.方法,办法;
metric ['metrik] a.米制的,公制的;
microcomputer [.maikr4uk4m'pju:t4] n.微型计算机;
microphone ['maikr4.f4un] n.话筒,扩音器;
microprocessor ['maikr4u'pr4uses4] n.微处理器;
microscope ['maikr4.sk4up] n.显微镜;
microscopic ['maikr4'sk3pik] a.显微镜的;微观的;细致的;
microwave ['maikr4u.weiv] n.微波;
middle ['mid4l] n./a.中间(的),当中(的);
midst [midst] n.中间,当中;
might [mait] aux.v.may的过去式;可能; v.力量,威力,能力;
mighty ['maiti] a.强有力的;
migrate ['mai.greit] v.迁移,移居(国外);
mild [maild] a.温暖的,暖和的;温和的;轻微的;(烟,酒)味淡的;
mile [mail] n.英里;
military ['mil4.teri] a.军事的,军用的,军队的;
milk [milk] n.乳,牛奶; v.挤(奶);
milky ['milki] a.牛奶的,像牛奶的,乳白色的;
mill [mil] n.磨粉机,磨坊;作坊,工厂;
milimetre/millimetre [] n.毫米; 
million ['milj4n] num./n.百万,百万个; millions of无数;
mind [maind] n.头脑,精神;理智,智能;想法,意见,心情,记忆; v.注意,留心;介意,反对; bear/keep in mind记住; have in mind记住,考虑到,想到; make up one’s mind(to +inf.)下决心; never mind不要紧,没关系;
mine [main] pron.[I的物主代词]我的(东西); n.矿,矿山,矿井; v.采矿;布雷;
miner ['main4] n.矿工;
mineral ['min4r4l] n.矿物,矿石; a.矿物的,矿质的;
miniature ['mini4t54] n.缩小的模型,缩图; a.微型的,缩小的;
minimize/minimise [] v.使减少到最少,使降到最低; 
minimum ['min4m4m] n.最小值,最低限度; a.最小的,最低的;
minister ['minist4] n.部长,大臣;
ministry ['ministri] n.(政府的)部;牧师;
minor ['main4] a.较小的,较小的,较次要的; n.兼修学科; v.(in)兼修;
minority [mai'n3r4ti] n.少数,少数派,少数民族;
minus ['main4s] a.负的,减的; prep.减去; n.负号,减号;
minute ['minit,mai'nju:t] n.分,分钟;一会儿,片刻;[pl.]会议记录; a.微小的,微细的,详细的;
miracle ['mir4k4l] n.奇迹,令人惊奇的人(或事);
mirror ['mir4] n.镜子;反映,反射; v.反映,反射;
mischief ['mist5if] n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,捣蛋,胡闹;
miserable ['miz4r4b4l] a.痛苦的,悲惨的;
misery ['miz4ri] n.痛苦,悲惨,不幸;
misfortune [mis'f3:t54n] n.不幸,灾祸,灾难;
mislead [mis'li:d] v.把...带错路,使误入岐途;
miss [mis] n.[Miss]小姐; v.未击中,错过,没达到;惦念;(out)漏掉,省去;
missile ['mis4l] n.导弹,发射物;
missing ['misi6] a.漏掉的,失去的,失踪的;
mission ['mi54n] n.使命,任务;使团,代表团;
mist [mist] n.薄雾,霭;
mistake [mi'steik] n.错误,过失,误解; v.弄错,误解;(for)把...误认为; by mistake错误地;
mister ['mist4] n.[Mister]先生;
mistress ['mistris] n.女主人;主妇;情妇,情人;
misunderstand ['mis8nd4'st1nd] v.误解,误会;
mix [miks] v.使混合;混淆; mix up混合;混淆,搞糊涂;
mixture ['mikst54] n.混合;混合物,混合剂;
moan [m4un] n.呻吟声,悲叹声; v.呻吟,悲叹;
mobile ['m4ubi:l] a.可动的,活动的,运动的;
mobilize/mobilise [] v.动员; 
mock [m3k] v.嘲笑,讥笑; a.仿制的,假装的;模拟的,演习的; n.[常pl.]模拟考试;
mode [m4ud] n.方式,式样;
model ['m3d4l] n.样式,型;模范,典型;模型,原型,模特; v.(on,after)模仿;
moderate ['m3d4.reit,'m3d4rit] a.中等的,适度的,温和的,稳健的;
modern ['m3d4n] a.现代的,近代的,新式的;
modernization/modernisation [] n.现代化; 
modest ['m3dist] a.谦虚的,谦让的,谦逊的;
modesty ['m3disti] n.谦逊,虚心;
modification [.m3d4f4'kei54n] n.更改,修改;
modify ['m3d4.fai] v.更改,修改,修饰;
moist [m3ist] a.潮湿的,湿润的;
moisture ['m3ist54] n.潮湿,湿气,湿度;
mold/mould [] n.模子,铸型; v.浇铸,造型,塑造; 
molecule ['m3l4.kju:l] n.分子;
moment ['m4um4nt] n.片刻,瞬间,时刻; at the moment现在,此刻; for a moment片刻,一会儿; for the moment现在,暂时; in a moment立刻,马上; the moment (that)一...就;
momentary ['m4um4n.teri] a.片刻的,瞬间的;
Monday ['m8ndei] n.星期一;
monetary ['m8n4.teri] a.金融的,货币的;
money ['m8ni] n.货币,钱;
monitor ['m3n4t4] n.班长;监听器,监视器; v.监控,监测;
monkey ['m86ki] n.猴子;
monopoly [m4'n3p4li] n.垄断,专卖;
monotonous [m4'n3tn4s] a.单调的;
monster ['m3nst4] n.怪物,妖怪;
monstrous ['m3nstr4s] a.可怕的,极恶的;
month [m8n7] n.月,月份;
monthly ['m8n7li] a.每月的; ad.每月一次,按月; n.月刊;
monument ['m3nj4m4nt] n.纪念碑,纪念馆;
mood [mu:d] n.心情,情绪;语气;
moon [mu:n] n.月亮,月球;卫星;
moral ['m3r4l] a.道德(上)的,道义的; n.寓意,教育意义;
morality [m4'r1l4ti] n.道德,美德;
more [m4ur] a.更多的,较多的; n.更多的人(或东西); ad.更,更多; more and more越来越; more or less或多或少;几乎; no more不再; no more than不过,仅仅,和...一样不;
moreover [m4ur'4uv4] conj./ad.再者,加之,而且;
morning ['m3:ni6] n.早晨,上午;
mortal ['m3:t4l] a.致命的;终有一死的;人世间的; n.凡人;
mortgage ['m3:gid9] n./v.抵押(借款);
mosaic [m4'zeik,m4u'zeik] n.马赛克;镶嵌体;
mosquito [m4'ski:t4u] n.蚊子;
moss [m3s] n.苔,藓,地衣;
most [m4ust] a.最多的;多数的,大部分的; ad.最,最多,很,十分,极; n.大多数,大部分; at most/at the most最多,至多,不超过; make the most of充分利用;
mostly ['m4ustli] ad.几乎全部地;主要地,大部分,基本上;
mother ['m804] n.母亲;
motion ['m4u54n] n.运动,动;提议,动议; v.提议,动议;
motive ['m4utiv] n.动机,目的; a.发动的,运动的;
motor ['m4ut4] n.发动机,电动机;
motorway ['m4ut4.wei] n.高速公路;
mount [maunt] v.登上,爬上(山,梯等);安装,装配,固定,镶嵌; n.支架,底座,底板;[Mount][用于山名前]山峰;
mountain ['maunt4n] n.山;
mountainous ['maunt4n4s] a.多山的,山一般的;
mourn [m4urn,m3:n] v.哀悼,悲掉; mouse([pl.]mice); n.鼠,耗子;
mouth [mau7] n.口,嘴;
mouthful ['mau7f4l] n.一口,满口;
move [mu:v] v.移动,搬动,迁移,搬家;活动;感动,激动; n.移动,活动,行动;
movement ['mu:vm4nt] n.运动,活动;移动,迁移;
movie ['mu:vi] n.电影,电影院;
Mr. ['mist4] n.先生;
Mrs. ['misiz] n.夫人;
Ms. [miz] n.女士;
much [m8t5] a.许多的,大量的; ad.非常,很,...得多,更加; a.许多,大量;
mud [m8d] n.泥,泥浆;
multiple ['m8lt4p4l] a.多样的,多重的; n.倍数;
multiplication [.m8lt4pl4'kei54n] n.乘,乘法;
multiply ['m8lt4plai] v.(by)乘,使相乘;倍增,增加,繁殖;
multitude ['m8lt4.tju:d] n.众多,大量;
municipal [mju:'nis4p4l] a.市的,市政的;市立的;
murder ['m4:d4] v./n.谋杀,凶杀;
murmur ['m4:m4] v./n.小声说(话);小声抱怨,咕哝;
muscle ['m8s4l] n.肌肉,体力;
muscular ['m8skj4l4] a.肌肉的;肌肉发达的;强健的;
museum [mju:'zi4m] n.博物馆,展览馆;
mushroom ['m85rum] n.蘑菇;
music ['mju:zik] n.音乐,乐曲;
musical ['mju:zik4l] a.音乐的;悦耳的;有音乐才能的,喜欢音乐的; n.音乐片;音乐喜剧;
musician [mju:'zi54n] n.音乐家,乐师;
must [m8st] aux.v.必须,应当;很可能,一定;
mute [mju:t] a.哑的,缄默的; n.哑巴;弱音器; v.减弱...的声音;
mutter ['m8t4] v.咕哝,抱怨;
mutton ['m8t4n,'m8tn] n.羊肉;
mutual ['mju:t5u4l] a.相互的,彼此的;
my [mai] pron.我的;
myself [mai'self] pron.我自己;
mysterious [mis'tiri4s] a.神秘的,可疑的,难理解的;
mystery ['mist4ri,'mistri] n.神秘,神秘的事物;神秘小说,侦探小说;
myth [mi7] n.神话;虚构的理论;
nail [neil] n.指甲,爪;钉; v.将...钉牢,钉住;
naive [n2'i:v] a.天真的;
naked ['neikid] a.裸体的,无遮敝的,无掩饰的;
name [neim] n.名字,名称;名义; v.(after)给...取(或命)名;取名,说出,指出;
namely ['neimli] ad.即,也就是;
nap [n1p] n.小睡,打盹;
narrate [n1'reit] v.讲,叙述;
narrow ['n1r4u] a.狭窄的,狭的,狭隘的;
nasty ['n2:sti] a.肮脏的,卑劣的,下流的;令人厌恶的;
nation ['nei54n] n.民族,国家;
national ['n154n4l] a.民族的,国家的,国立的;
nationality [.n154'n1l4ti] n.国籍,民族;
native ['neitiv] a.本地的,本国的;天生的; n.本地人,本国人;
natural ['n1t54r4l] a.正常的,自然的;自然界的,天然的,天赋的,固有的;
nature ['neit54] n.自然界,大自然;性质,本性,天性; by nature天生,就其本性而言; in nature本质上;
naught/nought [] n.无;零; 
naughty ['n3:ti] a.顽皮的,淘气的;
naval ['neiv4l] n.海军的,军舰的;
navigation [.n1v4'gei54n] n.航海,航空;导航,领航;
navy ['neivi] n.海军;
near [ni4] prep.靠近,在...近旁; ad.接近; a.近的,接近的;
nearby ['ni4.bai,'ni4'bai] a.附近的; ad.在附近; prep.在...附近;
nearly ['ni4li] ad.差不多,几乎;
neat [ni:t] a.整洁的,干净的,优美的,精致的;
necessary ['nes4.seri] a.必需的,必要的;必然的; n.必需品;
necessitate [ni'ses4.teit] v.使成为必要,需要;
necessity [n4'sAs4ti] n.必要性,需要;必然性;[pl.]必需品;
neck [nek] n.颈脖;
need [ni:d] v./aux.v.需要,要;必须,不得不; n.需要,必要;贫困,困窘;
needle ['ni:d4l] n.针,指针,针状物;
negative ['neg4tiv] a.否定的,消极的,反面的,负的,阴性的; n.负数;(摄影)底片;
neglect [ni'glekt,nig'lekt] v./n.忽视;疏忽,漏做,忽略;
negligible ['neglid94b4l] a.可以忽略的,微不足道的;
negotiate [ni'g4u5i.eit] v.谈判,交涉,商议;
Negro ['ni:gr4u] n.黑人; a.黑人的;
neighbor/neighbour [] n.邻居; 
neighborhood/neighbourhood [] n.邻居;四邻,街道; 
neither ['ni:04] a.两者都不; pron.两者都不;两者中无一; ad.也不; neither...nor既不...也不...;
nephew ['nefju:] n.侄子,外甥;
nerve [n4:v] n.神经;勇敢,胆量;
nervous ['n4:v4s] a.神经的;神经过敏的,紧张不安的;
nest [nest] n.窝,巢; v.筑巢;
net [net] n.网,网状物; v.用网捕,使落网; a.净的;纯净的;
network ['net.w4:k] n.网状物;广播网,电视网;网络;
neutral ['nju:tr4l] a.中立的;中性的,中和的;
neutron ['nju:tr3n] n.中子;
never ['nev4] ad.永不,从不,决不;从来没有;不,没有;
nevertheless/nonetheless [] conj.然而,不过; ad.仍然,不过; 
new [nju:] a.新的,新近的;不熟悉的,没经验的;
news [nju:z] n.新闻,消息;
newspaper ['nju:z.peip4] n.报纸;
next [nekst] a.紧接(在后)的,下次的;贴近的,隔壁的; ad.其次,下次;贴近;
nice [nais] a.美好的,令人愉快的;细微的;
nickel ['nik4l] n.镍;镍币;五美分;
nickname ['nik.neim] n.绰号; v.给...起绰号;
niece [ni:s] n.侄女,甥女;
night [nait] n.夜,夜间;
nine [nain] num.九,九个;
ninety ['nainti] num.九十,九十个;
ninth [nain7] num.第九;
nitrogen ['naitr4d94n] n.氮;
no [n4u] a.没有;绝非;不许; ad.不,不是;
noble ['n4ub4l] a.高尚的;贵族的,高贵的; n.贵族;
nobody ['n4ub3di] pron.谁也不,无人;
nod [n3d] v.点(头),点头招呼; n.点头招呼;打盹,瞌睡;
noise [n3iz] n.喧闹声,噪声,吵嚷声;
noisy ['n3izi] n.吵闹的,喧闹的;
nominal ['n3m4n4l] a.名义上的;(金额,租金)微不足道的;
nominate ['n3m4.neit] v.提名,任命;
none [n8n] pron.没有人,没有任何东西;...中任何一个都不;谁; 也不,哪个都不; ad.一点也不;
nonsense ['n3nsens] n.胡说,废话;
noon [nu:n] n.中午,正午;
nor [n3:] conj.也不,又不;
normal ['n3:m4l] a.正常的,普通的;正规的,标准的;
normalization/normalisation [] n.正常化,标准化; 
north [n3:7] n.北,北方,北部; a.北方的,北部; ad.向北方,在北方;
northeast ['n3:7'i:st] n.东北; a.东北方的,东北部的; ad.向东北,在东北;
northern ['n3:04n] a.北方的,北部的;
northward ['n3:7w4d] ad.(also northwards)向北; a.向北的;
northwest ['n3:7'west] n.西北方,西北部; a.西北的; ad.向西北,在西北;
nose [n4uz] n.鼻子;(飞机,船等的)前端,突出部分;
not [n3t] ad.不,没有;
notable ['n4ut4b4l] n.值得注意的,显著的,著名的;
note [n4ut] n.笔记,记录;按语,注释;便条,短笺;钞票,纸币; v.记下,摘下;
notebook ['n4ut.buk] n.笔记本;
noteworthy ['n4ut.w4:0i] a.值得注意的;
nothing ['n87i6] n.没有东西,什么也没有;微不足道的事物;无,零,小; 事; ad.毫不,满不是; nothing but只有,仅仅;
notice ['n4utis] n.通知,通告,布告;注意,认识; v.注意到,注意;
noticeable ['n4utis4b4l] a.显而易见的,值得注意的;
notify ['n4ut4.fai] v.通知,告知,报告;
notion ['n4u54n] n.概念,想法,意念,看法,观点;
notorious [n4u't4uri4s] a.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的;
notwithstanding ['n3twi7'st1ndi6] prep./ad./conj.尽管;
noun [naun] n.名词;
nourish ['n4:i5] v.提供养分,养育;
novel ['n3v4l] n.(长篇)小说; a.新奇的,新颖的;
novelty ['n3v4lti] n.新奇,新颖;
November [n4u'vemb4] n.十一月;
now [nau] ad.现在,目前,如今;立刻,马上;当时,于是,接着[表; 示语气,命令,不满]; conj.既然,由于; every now and then有时,时时,偶尔; just now刚才,一会儿以前; now and then时而,不时; now that既然,由于;
nowadays ['nau4.deiz] ad.现今,现在;
nowhere ['n4u.wA4] ad.任何地方都不,没有地方;
nuclear ['nju:kli4] a.核心的,中心的;原子核的,核能的;
nucleus ['nju:kli4s] n.核,核心,原子核;
nuisance ['nju:s4ns] n.讨厌的人(或东西);麻烦事;
numb [n8m] a.麻木的,失去感觉的; v.使麻木;
number ['n8mb4] n.数(目),数字;[通常略作No.]号码,(报刊等)期; v.编号,加号码;达…之数,总计; a number of若干;
numerous ['nju:m4r4s] a.众多的,许多的,大批的;
nurse [n4:s] n.护士,保姆; v.护理,看护;
nursery ['n4:s4ri] n.托儿所;
nut [n8t] n.坚果;螺母,螺帽;
nutrition [nju:'tri54n] n.营养;
nylon ['nail3n] n.尼龙;
oak [4uk] n.栎树,橡树,橡木; a.橡木的;
oar [4ur] n.桨橹;
oath [4u7] n.誓言,誓约;咒骂,诅咒语;
obedience [4'bi:dj4ns] n.服从,顺从;
obedient [4'bi:dj4nt] n.服从的,顺从的;
obey [4'bei] v.服从,遵从;听由,听从摆布;
object [4b'd9ekt,'3bd9ikt] n.物体;客体,对象;目的,目标;宾语; v.(to)反对;
objection [4b'd9ek54n] n.(to)反对,异议;
objective [4b'd9ektiv] n.目标,目的; a.客观的,真实的;
obligation [.3bl4'gei54n] n.义务,责任;
oblige [4'blaid9] v.强迫;责成;(使)感激,施恩于;
obscure [4b'skju4] a.暗的,朦胧的;模糊的,晦涩的;
observation [.3bz4:'vei54n] n.观察,观测,监视;[pl.]观察资料或报告,言论;
observe [4b'z4:v] v.遵守,奉行;观察,注意到,看到;
obsolete ['3bs4.li:t] a.已废弃的,过时的;
obstacle ['3bst4k4l] n.障碍,妨碍,干扰;
obstinate ['3bst4nit] a.顽固的,固执的;
obstruction [4b'str8k54n] n.妨碍,障碍物;
obtain [4b'tein] v.获得,得到;
obvious ['3bvi4s] a.明显的,显而易见的;
occasion [4'kei94n] n.场合,时节,时刻;时机,机会; on occasion有时,不时;
occasional [4'kei94n4l] a.偶然的,非经常的,特殊场合的;临时的;不时的;
occupation [.3kj4'pei54n] n.占领,占据;占用;职业,工作;
occupy ['3kj4.pai] v.占,占用;占据,占领;使忙碌,使从事;
occur [4'k4:] v.发生,出现;想起,想到; occur to被想到,被想起;
occurrence [4'k4:4ns] n.发生,出现;事件,事故,发生的事情;
ocean ['4u54n] n.海洋;
Oceania [.4u5i:'1ni:4] n.大洋洲; o'clock; ad.(…)点钟;
October [3k't4ub4] n.十月;
odd [3d] a.奇数的,单的;奇怪的,古怪的;单只的,不成对的;; 临时的,不固定的;带零头的,余的;
odds [3dz] n.不平等,差异;机会; at odds (with)(与)...不一致;差异;争执;
odor/odour [] n.气味,臭气,香味; 
of [3v] prep.[表示所属,性质,主客体]...的;关于,对于;; 由...制成的;由于,因为;来自...的,从;引出不定式的逻; 辑主语;表示同位关系;在...方面;
off [3f] prep.从...离开,脱离; ad.距,离,隔开,向(在)那边;表示分离,中断;表示离; 去,脱掉;表示完成,结束; off and on断断续续,不时地;
offend [4'fend] v.冒犯,触犯,得罪;使不快,使恼火;
offense/offence [] n.犯罪,犯规,过错;冒犯,触怒; 
offensive [4'fensiv] a.冒犯的,攻击的; n.攻势,进攻;
offer ['3:f4] v.提供,提出,呈现,出现; n.提议,提供;
office ['3:fis] n.办公室,办事处;职务,公职;部,局,处;
officer ['3:fis4] n.官员,办事员;工作人员;军官;
official [4'fi54l] n.官员,行政官员; a.官方的,官方的,正式的,公务的;
offset ['3f.set] n.分支,补偿; v.抵消,补偿;
offspring ['3:f.spri6] n.子孙,后代;结果,产物;
often ['3:f4n] ad.经常,常常,屡次;
oh [4u] int.[表示惊讶,害怕等]哦,哎哟;
oil [3il] n.油,石油; v.给...加润滑油;涂油,上油;
okay/O.K./OK [] a./ad.对,好,行; n.同意; 
old [4uld] a.年老的,老的,旧的,以前的,...岁的;陈旧的,古老; 的;
omit [4u'mit] v.省略,删去;遗漏,忽略;
on [3n] prep.在...上;在...旁,靠近;根据,由于...;向...,; 朝着;在...时候;关于,论述; ad.向前,(继续)下去;在上,穿上;接通;(是)...的成; 员;在...供职;在从事...中;处于...情况; and so on等等;
once [w8ns] ad.一次,一回;曾经;一度; conj.一旦...(就...); n.一次; all at once突然,同时,一起; at once立刻,马上; once (and) for all一劳永逸,限此一次; once more再一次,又一次;
one [w8n] num.一,一个; a.某一; pron.一个人,任何人;一个; one another互相;
oneself [w8n'self] pron.自己,自身,亲自; by oneself独立地,单独地;
onion ['8nj4n] n.洋葱;
only ['4unli] ad.仅仅,只不过; a.唯一的; conj.可是,不过;
onto ['3ntu:] prep.在...上,在…之上;
onward ['3nw4d] a.向前的; ad.(also onwards)向前,在前面;
opaque [4u'peik] a.不透明(光)的;难理解的,晦涩的;
open ['4up4n] a.开着的,开放的;开阔的,空旷的;公开的,坦率的,; 自由出入的; v.打开;开始,开业,开张;
opening ['4up4ni6] n.口子,孔;开始,开端;空缺,机会; a.开始的;
opera ['4up4r4] n.歌剧;
operate ['3p4.reit] v.运转,开动;(on)动手术,开刀,(对...)施行手术;
operation [.3p4'rei54n] n.运转,开动,操作;(on)手术;运算; come/go into operation开始运转,开工; put/bring into operation使投入生产,使运转;
operational [.3p4'rei54n4l] a.操作的,运转的;
operator ['3p4.reit4] n.操作人员,(电话)接线员;
opinion [4'pinj4n] n.意见,看法,主张;
opponent [4'p4un4nt] n.对手,反对者,敌手; a.对立的,对抗的;
opportunity [.3p4'tju:n4ti] n.机会;
oppose [4'p4uz] v.反对,反抗;
opposite ['3p4zit] a.(to)对面的,对立的,相反的; n.对立面,对立物; prep.在...的对面;
oppress [4'pres] v.压迫,压制;
optical ['3ptik4l] a.眼的,视力的;光学的;
optimistic [.3pt4'mistik] a.乐观主义的;
optimize/optimise [] v.使优化; 
optional ['3p54n4l] a.可以任选的,非强制的;
or [3:] conj.或,或者;或者说,即;[常和else连用]否则,要; 不然;
oral ['4ur4l] a.口头的;
orange ['3rind9] n.柑,桔,橙;
orbit ['3:bit] n.轨道; v.(使)沿轨道行;
orchard ['3:t54d] n.果园;
orchestra ['3:kistr4] n.管弦乐队;
order ['3:d4] n.命令;次序,顺序;秩序,治安,正常状态,整齐;定购,; 定货单;等级; v.制,定制,订购; in order秩序井然,整齐; in order to以便,为了; on order that以便; out of order发生故障,失调; put in order整理,检修;
orderly ['3:d4li] a.整齐的,有秩序的,有条理的; n.勤务兵;
ordinary ['3:d4n.eri] a.普通的,平凡的,平常的;平庸的;
ore [4ur] n.矿石,矿砂;
organ ['3:g4n] n.器官;机构;风琴;
organic [3:'g1nik] a.器官的;有机的;有机体的;
organism ['3:g4n.iz4m] n.生物体,有机体;
organization/organisation [] n.组织体制;团体,机构; 
organize/organise [] v.组织,编组; 
orient ['4uri.ent,'4uri4nt] n.[the Orient]东方; v.定...的方位;
oriental [.4uri'ent4l] a.东方的;
orientation [`3:ri4n'tAi54n] n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍
origin ['3r4d9in] n.起源,由来;出身,来历;
original [4'rid94n4l] a.最初的,原始的,原文的;新颖的,有独创性的; n.原物,原作,原文;
originate [4'rid94.neit] v.(in,from)起源,发生;首创,创造;
ornament ['3:n4m4nt] v.装饰,美化; n.装饰,装饰物;
orphan ['3:f4n] n.孤儿;
orthodox ['3:74'd3ks] a.传统的,符合社会风俗的;正统的;
other ['804] a.另外的,其他的,别的; pron.别的东西,别人; every other每隔一个的; other than不同于;
otherwise ['804.waiz] ad.另样,用别的方法;在其他方面; conj.要不然,否则;
ought [3:t] aux.(to+inf.)应当,应该,本应,本当;
ounce [auns] n.盎司,英两;
our ['au4] pron.[we的所有格]我们的;
ours ['au4z] pron.[we的物主代词]我们的(东西);
ourselves [.au4'selvz] pron.我们自己;我们亲自;
out [aut] ad.在外,向外,出,现出来,发表;熄灭; out of丧失,失去;缺乏,没有;
outbreak ['aut.breik] n.爆发;
outcome ['aut.k8m] n.结果,成果;
outdoor ['aut.d4ur] a.室外的,野外的;
outdoors ['aut'd4urz] ad.户外,野外;
outer ['aut4] a.外部的,外面的,外层的;
outermost ['aut4.m4ust] a.最外层的,远离中心的;
outfit ['aut.fit] n.装备,供给;
outlet ['aut.let] n.出路,出口;发泄方法,排遣;
outline ['aut.lain] n.轮廓,略图;大纲,梗概; v.概述,略述;
outlook ['aut.luk] n.景色,风光;观点,见解;展望,前景;
output ['aut.put] n.产量,输出量;
outset ['aut.set] n.开始,开端;
outside ['aut'said] ad.向外面;在外面; n.外部,外表; a.外部的,外面的; prep.在...外;
outskirts ['aut.sk4:ts] n.郊区;
outstanding ['aut'st1ndi6] a.突出的,显著的;
outward ['autw4d] ad.(also outwards)向外,在外; a.向外的,外面的,外表的;
oven ['8v4n] n.炉,灶,灶箱;
over ['4uv4] prep.在...上方,在...上面;越过;多于,...以上;; 在...期间;遍及,到处; ad.翻转过来;结束,完了;越过;在那边,向那边;太过; 分;再,重复地; over and over (again)一再,再三;
overall ['4uv4.r3:l] a.全面的,综合的; n.[pl.](套头)工作服,工装裤;
overcoat ['4uv4.k4ut] n.外衣,大衣;
overcome [.4uv4'k8m] v.战胜,克服;
overestimate [.4uv4'est4.meit] v.估计过高,过高评价;
overflow [.4uv4'fl4u,'4uv4.fl4u] v.(使)外溢,(使)溢出;溢出,流出,漫出;
overhaul [.4uv4'h3:l,'4uv4.h3:l] v./n.大修,仔细检查;
overhead ['4uv4'hed] a.在头顶上的;架空的; ad.在头顶上;
overhear [.4uv4'hi4] v.偶然听到,从旁听到;
overlap ['4uv4.l1p,'4uv4'l1p] v.重叠,与…交叠; n.重叠;
overlook [.4uv4'luk] v.看漏,忽略;俯瞰,眺望;宽容,放任;
overnight ['4uv4'nait] a./ad.一夜间,一下子;突然;
overpass [.4uv4'p1s] n.过街天桥;
overseas ['4uv4'si:z] a.外国的,海外的; ad.在海外;
overtake [.4uv4'teik] v.追上,赶上,超过;袭击,压倒;
overthrow [.4uv4'7r4u] v./n.推翻,颠覆;
overtime ['4uv4.taim] a.超时的,加班的; ad.加班;
overview ['4uv4.vju:] n.概述,概观;
overwhelm [.4uv4'welm] v.压倒,制服;
overwhelming [.4uv4'welmi6] a.势不可挡的,压倒的;
owe [4u] v.欠(债等),应向...付出;得感谢,(to)应归于于...;
owing ['4ui6] a.欠的,未付的; owing to由于;
owl [aul] n.猫头鹰;
own [4un] a.自己的; v.拥有,有; on one’s own独自地,独立地;
owner ['4un4] n.物主,所有者;
ownership ['4un4.5ip] n.所有(权),所有制;
ox [3ks] n.牛,公牛;
oxygen ['3ks4d94n] n.氧;
pace [peis] n.步,步伐; v.踱步; keep/hold pace with跟上,与...同步;
pacific [p4'sifik] n.[the Pacific]太平洋; a.和平的,平静的;[Pacific]太平洋的;
pack [p1k] v.捆扎,打包;塞满,挤满; n.包捆,(一)群,(一)副;
package ['p1kid9] n.包装,包裹,箱;
packet ['p1kit] n.小包裹,小捆;盒;
pad [p1d] n.垫,衬垫;便笺簿;拍纸簿; v.填塞;
paddle ['p1d4l] n.桨; v.用桨划;
page [peid9] n.页;
pail [peil] n.提桶;
pain [pein] n.痛,痛苦;[pl.]努力,劳苦; take pains尽力,煞费苦心;
painful ['peinf4l] a.疼痛的,使痛苦的;
painstaking [peinz.teiki6] n./a.苦干(的);煞费苦心(的);
paint [peint] n.油漆,颜料; v.油漆;涂,涂漆;画;描绘,描述;
painter ['peint4] n.漆工,画家;
painting ['peinti6] n.上油漆,着色;绘画;油画;画法;
pair [pA4] n.一对,一双;一副;夫妇; v.配对,成对;
palace ['p1lis] n.宫,宫殿;
pale [peil] a.苍白的,灰白的;浅的,暗淡的;
palm [p2:m] n.手掌;掌状物;棕榈;
pamphlet ['p1mflit] n.小册子;
pan [p1n,p2:n] n.平底锅,盘子;
panda ['p1nd4] n.熊猫;
panel ['p1n4l] n.面,板;控制板,仪表盘;专门小组;
panic ['p1nik] n.恐慌,惊慌;
pant [p1nt] n.喘气; v.喘,气喘吁吁地说;
paper ['peip4] n.纸;报纸;试卷;文章,论文;[pl.]官方文件; v.裱糊;
parachute ['p1r4.5u:t] n.降落伞; v.跳伞;
parade [p4'reid] n.游行,检阅; v.(使)列队行进,游行;
paradise ['p1r4.dais] n.天堂;
paradox ['p1r4.d3ks] n.似非而是的话;反论;
paragraph ['p1r4.gr2:f] n.段,节;小新闻,短评;
parallel ['p1r4.lel] a.(to,with)平行的,并联的;(to)相同的,类似的; n.平行线,平行面;类似,相似物;对比,纬线;
paralyze/paralyse [] v.使瘫痪(麻痹);使丧失作用; 
parameter [p4'r1m4t4] n.参数;
parasite ['p1r4.sait] n.寄生虫;
parcel ['p2:s4l] n.包裹,邮包; v.打包,捆扎;
pardon ['p2:dn] n.原谅,宽恕;请再说一遍; v.原谅,饶恕,赦免;
parent ['per4nt] n.父母,母亲;[pl.]双亲;父母;
park [p2:k] n.公园;停车场; v.停放(汽车等);
parliament ['p2:l4m4nt] n.国会,议会;
part [p2:t] n.部分,局部;角色,作用;一方,方面;零件; v.使分开,分离,分别; play a part (in)起作用; take part in参加;
partial ['p2:54l] a.部分的,不完全的;偏袒的,不公平的;
participant [p2:'tis4p4nt] n.参加者,参与者;
participate [p2:'tis4.peit] v.(in)参与,参加;分享,分担;
particle ['p2:tik4l] n.粒子,微粒;小品词,虚词;
particular [p4'tikj4l4] a.特殊的,特别的;特定的,个别的; n.[常pl.]详情,细目; in particular特别地,尤其,详细地;
partly ['p2:tli] ad.部分地,不完全地;
partner ['p2:tn4] n.合作者,合伙人;伙伴,舞伴;
party ['p2:ti] n.聚会,政党,党派;一方,当事人;
pass [p2:s] v.经过,走过;传,传递;通过(考试等); n.通行证,护照;关联,关口; pass away去世,逝世; pass off中止,停止; pass out失去知觉,昏倒;
passage ['p1sid9] n.通过,经过;通路,走廊;(一)段落,(一)节;
passenger ['p1s4nd94] n.乘客,旅客;
passion ['p154n] n.热情,激情,爱好;激怒,大怒;
passive ['p1siv] a.被动的,消极的;
passport ['p2:s.p4urt] n.护照;
past [p2:st] prep.过,越过,经过; n.过去,昔日; a.过去的; in the past在过去;
paste [peist] n.糊,浆糊; v.粘,贴;
pastime ['p2:s.taim] n.消遣,娱乐;
pasture ['p1st54,'p2:st54] n.牧草地,牧场;
pat [p1t] v./n.轻拍,轻打,抚摸;
patch [p1t5] n.补丁,补片;碎片,碎屑;小块,小片; v.补,修补;
patent ['peit4nt] a.专利的,特许的; n.专利,专利品,专利权; v.批准专利,获得专利;
path [p2:7] n.小路,小径;路线,轨道;
patience ['pei54ns] n.耐心,忍耐;
patient ['pei54nt] a.有耐心的,能忍耐的; n.病人,患者;
patriotic [.peitri'3tik] a.爱国的;
pattern ['p1t4n] n.模式,式样;图案,图样; v.仿制,模仿;
pause [p3:z] v./n.中止,暂停;
pave [peiv] v.铺砌,铺(路);
pavement ['peivm4nt] n.人行道;
paw [p3:] n.爪;
pay [pei] v.支付,付出;给予(注意);值得;进行(访问等); n.工资,薪金; pay back偿还,回报; pay off还清(债),给清工资后遣散;使...利益;有报; 偿; pay up全部付清;
payment ['peim4nt] n.支付,付款额;
pea [pi:] n.豌豆;
peace [pi:s] n.和平;平静,安宁;
peaceful ['pi:sf4l] a.和平的;平静的,安宁的;
peach [pi:t5] n.桃,桃树;
peak [pi:k] n.山顶,最高点;峰,山峰; a.高峰的,最高的;
peanut ['pi:.n8t] n.花生;
pear [pA4] n.梨子,梨树;
pearl [p4:l] n.珍珠;
peasant ['pez4nt] n.[不用于英国或美国]小农;细农;农民;
pebble ['peb4l] n.卵石;
peculiar [pi'kju:lj4] a.古怪的,异常的;特殊的,特有的;
peculiarity [pi.kju:li'1r4ti] n.独特性,特色;
pedal ['ped4l] n.踏板; v.踩踏板,骑自行车;
peel [pi:l] v.削皮,剥皮; n.果皮;
peep [pi:p] v.偷看,窥视;
pen [pen] n.钢笔;
penalty ['pen4lti] n.处罚,惩罚;
pencil ['pens4l] n.铅笔;
pendulum ['pend94l4m] n.摆,钟摆;
penetrate ['pen4.treit] v.穿过,渗入,看穿;
penetration [.pen4'trei54n] n.穿过,渗透;
penicillin [.peni'silin] n.青霉素;
peninsula [p4'nins4l4] n.半岛;
penny ['peni] n.便士,美分;
pension ['pen54n] n.养老金,年金;
people ['pi:p4l] n.人,人们;人民,民众;民族;
pepper ['pep4] n.胡椒粉,胡椒;辣椒;
per [p4] prep.每;经,由;
perceive [p4'si:v] v.察觉,感知;理解,领悟; percent/per cent; n.百分之...;
percentage [p4'sentid9] n.百分数,百分率,百分比;
perfect ['p4:fikt] a.完善的,无瑕的;完全的,十足的;[语法]完成的; v.使完美,改进;
perfection [p4'fek54n] n.尽善尽美,完美;
perfectly ['p4:fiktli] ad.很,完全;
perform [p4'f3:m] v.履行,执行,做,完全;表演,演出;
performance [p4'f3:m4ns] n.履行,执行;表演,演出;性能,特性;
perfume ['p4:fju:m,p4'fju:m] n.香味,芳香;香水;香料; v.使发香,洒香水于;
perhaps [p4'h1ps] ad.也许,大概,恐怕;
period ['piri4d] n.时期,时代;学时,课时;周期,一段时间;句点;
periodical [.piri'3dik4l] n.期刊,杂志; a.周期的,定期的;
perish ['peri5] v.丧生;凋谢;毁灭,消亡;
permanent ['p4:m4n4nt] a.永久的,持久的;
permission [p4'mi54n] n.允许,同意;
permit ['p4:mit,p4'mit] v.许可,允许; n.许可证,执照;
perpetual [p4'pet5u4l] a.永久的,永恒的,长期的;
perplex [p4'pleks] v.使困惑,使费解,使复杂化;
persecute ['p4:si.kju:t] v.迫害;
persist [p4'sist] v.(in)坚持,持续;
person ['p4:s4n] n.人;本人,自身; in person亲自;
personal ['p4:s4n4l] a.个人的,私人的;亲自的,本人的;身体的,人身的;
personality [.p4:s4n'1l4ti] n.人格,个性;
personnel [.p4:s4n'el] n.全体人员,全体职员;人事(部门);
perspective [p4'spektiv] n.透视画法,透视图;远景,前途;观点,看法;
persuade [p4'sweid] v.说服,劝说;(of)使相信;
persuasion [p4'swei94n] n.说服,说服力;
pessimistic [.pes4'mistik] a.悲观(主义)的;
pest [pest] n.害虫;
pet [pet] n.爱畜,宠儿; a.宠爱的,表示亲昵的;
petition [p4'ti54n] n.请愿书,申请书,诉状; v.(向...)请愿,正式请求;
petrol ['petr4l] n.汽油;
petroleum [p4'tr4uli4m] n.石油;
petty ['peti] a.小的,琐碎的;气量小的;
phase [feiz] n.阶段,状态,时期;相,相位;
phenomenon [f4'n3m4n4n] n.现象;
philosopher [f4'l3s4f4] n.哲学家,哲人;
philosophy [f4'l3s4fi] n.哲学;
phone [f4un] n.电话,电话机; v.(给...)打电话;
photo/photograph [] n.照片; 
photoelectric [.f4ut4ui'lektrik] a.光电的;
photographic [.f4ut4'gr1fik] a.摄影的;
photography [f4't3gr4fi] n.摄影术;
phrase [freiz] n.短语,词语,习语;
physical ['fizik4l] a.物质的,有形的;肉体的,身体的;自然科学的,物理; 的;
physically ['fizik4li] ad.物质上;体格上,身体上;按自然规律;
physician [fi'zi54n] n.内科医生;
physicist ['fizisist] n.物理学家;
physics ['fiziks] n.物理(学);
piano [pi'1n4u,pi'2:n4u] n.钢琴;
pick [pik] v.拾,采,摘;挑选,选择; n.镐,鹤嘴锄; pick out选出,挑出,拣出;辨认,辨别出; pick up拾起,拣起;增加,改进;(偶然)得到;(车船); 中途搭(人),中途带(货);获得,学会;
pickpocket ['pik.p3kit] n.扒手; v.扒窃;
pickup ['pik.8p] n.拾起,获得;
picnic ['piknik] n.野餐; v.(去)野餐;
pictorial [pik't4uri4l] n.画报; a.绘画的;
picture ['pikt54] n.画,图片;影片;美景; v.画,描述,想象;
pie [pai] n.馅饼;
piece [pi:s] n.(一)件,(一)片,(一)篇;碎片,断片; v.(together)拼合,拼凑;
pierce [pi4s] v.剌穿,刺破;
pig [pig] n.猪;
pigeon ['pid9in] n.鸽;
pile [pail] n.堆; v.(up)堆,叠,堆积;
pill [pil] n.药丸;
pillar ['pil4] n.柱,台柱,栋梁;
pillow ['pil4u] n.枕头;
pilot ['pail4t] n.飞行员,驾驶员;领港员,引水员; v.驾驶(飞机等);领航,引水;
pin [pin] n.钉,销,栓;大头针,别针,徽章; v.(up)钉住,别住;
pinch [pint5] v.捏,掐,拧,挟;
pine [pain] n.松树;
pink [pi6k] n.粉红色,粉红色; a.粉红色的;
pint [paint] n.品脱;
pioneer [.pai4'ni4] n.先驱,倡导者,开拓者;
pipe [paip] n.管子,导管;烟斗;笛;
pipeline ['paip.lain] n.管道,管线;
pirate ['pair4t] n./v.海盗,盗版;
pistol ['pist4l] n.手枪;
piston ['pist4n,'pistn] n.活塞;
pit [pit] n.坑,陷阱;煤矿,矿井;
pitch [pit5] n.沥青;掷; v.用沥青覆盖;投掷,扔;
pity ['piti] v.(觉得)可怜,惋惜; n.憾事,怜悯;
place [pleis] n.地方,地点;名次;地位,职位;寓所; v.安排,任命;放置;投(资); in place在适当的位置; in place of代替; in the first place起初,首先; in the last place最后; out of place不得其所的,不适当的; take place发生,进行; take the place of代替;
plague [pleig] n.瘟疫,灾害;
plain [plein] a.明白的,平易的;朴素的,平常的;坦率;平凡,普通; n.平原,旷野;
plan [pl1n] n.计划,规划;平面图,设计图; v.计划;
plane [plein] n.飞机;平面,水平面;
planet ['pl1nit] n.行星;
plant [pl2:nt] n.植物,作物;工厂;装置; v.栽种,播种,栽培;
plantation [pl1n'tei54n] n.种植园;
plaster ['pl2:st4] n.灰泥;熟石膏;膏药;
plastic ['pl1stik] n.[常pl.]塑料,塑料制品; a.可塑的,塑性的;
plate [pleit] n.金属板,片;盘子,盆子;板,钢板; v.镀,电镀;
plateau [pl1't4u] n.高原;
platform ['pl1t.f3:m] n.平台,台;站台,月台;政纲,党纲;
plausible ['pl3:z4b4l] a.似乎合理的,似乎可信的;
play [plei] v.玩,游戏;演奏;扮演; n.游戏,比赛;剧本,戏剧;活动,作用; fair play公平的竞赛,公平对待,光明磊落; play with以...为消遣,玩弄;
player ['plei4] n.选手,队员;做游戏的人;演员,演奏者;
playground ['plei.graund] n.运动场,游戏场;
plead [pli:d] v.恳求,请求;为...辩护;提出...为理由(或借口);
pleasant ['plez4nt] a.令人愉快的,舒适的;
please [pli:z] v.请;使愉快,使满意;喜欢,愿意;
pleasure ['ple94] n.愉快,快乐;乐事,乐趣;
pledge [pled9] n.誓约;保证; v.发誓;保证;
plentiful ['plentif4l] a.富裕的,丰富的;
plenty ['plenti] n.丰富,大量;
plot [pl3t] n.秘密计划;小块土地;情节; v.标绘,绘制;密谋,策划;
plow/plough [] n.犁; v.耕,犁; 
plug [pl8g] n.塞子,插头; v.堵塞;
plunge [pl8nd9] v.(into)(使)投入,(使)插进,陷入;猛冲;
plural ['plur4l] a.复数的; n.复数;
plus [pl8s] prep.加上; a.正的,加的; n.加号,正号;
PM/P.M./p.m. [] n.下午,午后; 
pneumonia [nju:'m4unj4] n.肺炎;
pocket ['p3kit] n.衣袋,小袋; a.袖珍的,小型的; v.把...装入袋内;
poem ['p4uim] n.诗;
poet ['p4uit] n.诗人;
poetry ['p4uitri] n.诗歌,诗集;
point [p3int] n.尖,尖端;点,小数点;条款,细目;分数,得分;要点,; 论点,观点; v.(at,to)指,指向,表明; come to the point说到要点,扼要地说; on the point of即将...的时候; point out指出; to the point切中要害,切题;
poison ['p3iz4n] n.毒物,毒药; v.放毒,毒害;
poisonous ['p3iz4n4s] a.有毒的;
pole [p4ul] n.柱,杆;地极,磁极,电极;
police [p4'li:s] n.警察局,警察;
policeman [p4'li:sm4n] n.警察;
policy ['p3l4si] n.政策,方针;
polish ['p4uli5,'p3li5] v.磨光,擦亮;使优美,润饰; n.擦光剂,上光蜡;
polite [p4'lait] a.有礼貌的,客气的;有教养的,文雅的;
political [p4'litik4l] a.政治的;
politician [.p3l4'ti54n] n.政治家,政客;
politics ['p3l4tiks] n.政治,政治学;政纲,政见;
poll [p4ul] n.民意测验;[pl.]政治选举,大选; v.对...进行民意测验;获得...选票;
pollute [p4'lu:t] v.弄脏,污染;
pollution [p4'lu:54n] n.污染;
pond [p3nd] n.池塘;
pool [pu:l] n.水池,游泳池;合资经营,联营; v.合伙经营,联营;
poor [pu4] a.贫困的,穷的;可怜的;贫乏的;贫瘠的;低劣的;
pop [p3p] a.流行的,通俗的; n.(发出)砰的一声; v.突然出现,发生;
popular ['p3pj4l4] a.流行的,通俗的,大众的;广受欢迎的,有名的;
popularity [.p3pj4'l1r4ti] n.普及,流行;
population [.p3pj4'lei54n] n.人口;
porcelain ['p3:slin] n.瓷器; a.精制的,瓷器的;
porch [p4urt5] n.门廊;
pork [p4urk] n.猪肉;
porridge ['p3rid9] n.粥,麦片粥;
port [p4urt] n.港口;
portable ['p4urt4b4l] a.轻便的,手提(式)的;
porter ['p4urt4] n.搬运工人;门房;
portion ['p4ur54n] n.一部分,一份;
portrait ['p4urtreit] n.肖像,画像;
Portuguese ['p4urt5u.gi:z] a.葡萄牙的,葡萄牙人的,葡萄牙语的; n.葡萄牙人,葡萄牙语;
pose [p4uz] v.造成(困难等);提出(问题等),陈述(观点等);摆姿; 势;假装,冒充;
position [p4'zi54n] n.位置;职位,职务;姿势,姿态;见解,立场,形势;
positive ['p3z4tiv] a.确实的,明确的;积极的,肯定的;正的,阳性的;十; 足的,完全的; n.(摄影)正片;
possess [p4'zes] v.占有,拥有;
possession [p4'ze54n] n.持有,拥有;所有权;所有物;[pl.]财产,财富;
possibility [.p3s4'bil4ti] n.可能,可能性;可能的事,希望;
possible ['p3s4b4l] a.可能的,做得到的;合理的;可允许的;
possibly ['p3s4bli] ad.尽可能地,也许,或者;
post [p4ust] v.贴出;宣布,公告;投寄,邮寄; n.(支)柱,标杆;邮政,邮寄;职位,岗位,哨所; post office邮局;
postage ['p4ustid9] n.邮费,邮资;
postal ['p4ust4l] a.邮政的,邮局的;
postcard ['p4ust.k2:d] n.明信片;
postman ['p4ustm4n] n.邮递员;
postpone [p4ust'p4un] v.推迟,延期;
pot [p3t] n.罐,壶;
potato [p4'teit4u] n.马铃薯,土豆;
potential [p4'ten54l] a.潜在的,可能的;势的,位的; n.潜能,潜力;
poultry ['p4ultri] n.家禽;
pound [paund] n.磅;英镑; v.(连续)猛击,(猛烈)敲打,捣碎;
pour [p4ur] v.灌,倒,注;倾泻,流出;
poverty ['p3v4ti] n.贫穷,贫困;
powder ['paud4] n.粉末,药粉;火药,炸药;
power ['pau4] n.力,能力,精力;功率,动力,电力;[数学]幂,乘方;; 权力,势力,政权;
powerful ['pau4f4l] a.强大的,有力的,有权的;
practical ['pr1ktik4l] a.实际的,实用的;
practically ['pr1ktik4li] ad.几乎,实际上,简直;
practice ['pr1ktis] n.练习,实习;实践,实际;业务,开业; bring/put...into practice实施,实行; in practice在实践中,实际上; out of practice久不练习,荒疏;
practice/practise [] v.练习,实习;实践,实行;开业,从事; 
praise [preiz] v.赞扬,歌颂;表扬,称赞; n.称赞,赞美;赞美的话;
pray [prei] v.请求,恳求;祈祷,祈求;
prayer ['prei4,prA4] n.祈祷,祷告,祷文;
preach [pri:t5] v.宣讲(教义),布道;竭力鼓吹,宣传;讲道,说教;
precaution [pri'k3:54n] n.预防,谨慎,警惕;
precede [pri:'si:d] v.领先(于),在(...之前);优先,先于;
preceding [pri:'si:di6] a.在前的,在先的;
precious ['pre54s] a.珍贵的,贵重的;
precise [pri'sais] a.精确的,准确的;
precision [pri'si94n] n.精确,精确度;
predict [pri'dikt] v.预言,预测,预告;
predominant [pri'd3m4n4nt] a.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的;
preface ['prefis] n.序言,引言,前言;
prefer [pri'f4:] v.(to)更喜欢,宁愿;
preferable ['pref4r4b4l] a.(to)更可取的,更好的;
preference ['pref4r4ns] n.(for,to)偏爱,喜爱;优惠;优先选择;
prejudice ['pred94dis] n.偏见,成见;损害,侵害;
preliminary [pri'lim4.neri] a.预备的,初步的;
premier ['pri:mi4] n.首相,总理;
preparation [.prep4'rei54n] n.准备,预备;制剂,制备品;
prepare [pri'pA4] v.准备,预备;
preposition [.prep4'zi54n] n.介词;
prescribe [pri'skraib] v.指示,规定;处(方),开(药);
prescription [pri'skrip54n] n.药方,处方;
presence ['prez4ns] n.出席,到场,存在,在;
present ['preznt,pri'zent] a.出席的,到场的;现在的,目前的; n.现在,目前;礼物,赠品; v.赠(送),呈献;介绍,陈述;提出,呈交; at present目前,现在; for the present目前,暂时;
presently ['prez4ntli] ad.一会儿,不久;现在,目前;
preservation [.prez4'vei54n] n.保藏,保存;
preserve [pri'z4:v] v.保护,维持;保存,保藏;腌渍;
preside [pri'zaid] v.(at,over)主持;
president ['prez4d4nt] n.总统,校长,会长,主席;
press [pres] v.压,揿,按;压榨,压迫;紧迫,催促,逼迫; n.报刊,出版社,通讯社;压榨机,压力机;压,揿,按;
pressure ['pre54] n.压(力);强制,压迫,压强;
presumably [pri'zu:m4bli] ad.推测起来,大概;
presume [pri'zu:m] v.假定,假设,认为;揣测;
pretend [pri'tend] v.假装,装扮;
pretext ['pri:tekst] n.借口,托词;
pretty ['priti] a.漂亮的,秀丽的; ad.相当地,颇;
prevail [pri'veil] v.(over,against)取胜,占优势;流行,盛行;
prevalent ['prev4l4nt] a.流行的,普遍的;
prevent [pri'vent] v.(from)预防,防止;
previous ['pri:vi:4s] a.先,前,以前的;(to)在...之前;
prey [prei] n.被捕食的动物,捕获物;受害者; v.猎取食物; prey on捕食,杀害;折磨,损害;
price [prais] n.价格,价钱;代价; v.标价;
priceless ['praislis] a.无价的,珍贵的;
prick [prik] v.刺伤,刺痛,刺孔; n.刺伤,刺痛;
pride [praid] n.自豪,自尊心;自满,骄傲,傲慢;引以自豪的东西; v.使自豪,使自夸;
priest [pri:st] n.教士,神父;
primary ['prai.meri] a.最初的,初级的;首要的,主要的,基本的;
prime [praim] a.首要的,主要的;最好的,第一流的; n.青春,全盛期,青壮年时期;
primitive ['prim4tiv] a.原始的,远古的,早期的;粗糙的,简单的;
prince [prins] n.王子,亲王;
princess ['prinsis] n.公主,王妃;
principal ['prins4p4l] a.最重要的,主要的; n.负责人,校长,首长;资本,本金;
principle ['prins4p4l] n.原理,原则;主义,信念;
print [print] n.印刷,印刷品,字体; v.印刷,出版;洗印;
printer ['print4] n.印刷工,印刷商,印刷机;
prior ['prai4] a./ad.优先的,在前的;(to)在...之前;
priority [prai'3r4ti] n.先,前;优先,优先权;
prison ['priz4n] n.监狱;
prisoner ['priz4n4,'prizn4] n.囚犯;
private ['praivit] a.私人的,个人的,秘密的,私下的;
privilege ['priv4lid9] n.特权,优惠,特许; v.给予优惠,给予特权;
prize [praiz] n.奖赏,奖金,奖品; v.珍视,珍惜;
probability [.pr3b4'bil4ti] n.可能性,或然性,概率;
probable ['pr3b4b4l] a.很可能的,大概的;有希望的,可能的;
probe [pr4ub] n.探针,探测器; v.(以探针等)探查,穿刺,查究;
problem ['pr3bl4m] n.问题,疑难问题;思考题,讨论题;
procedure [pr4'si:d94] n.程序,手续,步骤;
proceed [pr4'si:d,pr4u'si:d] v.进行,继续下去;发生;
proceeding [pr4'si:di6] n.行动,进行,[pl.]会议录,学报;
process ['pr2:ses] n.过程,进程;工序,制作法;工艺; v.加工,处理;
procession [pr4'se54n] n.队伍,行列;
proclaim [pr4'kleim] v.宣告,声明;
produce ['pr3dju:s,pr4'dju:s] v.生产,制造,产生;显示,出示;上演,演出; n.产品,农产品;
product ['pr3d4kt] n.产品,产物;乘积;
production [pr4'd8k54n] n.生产,产量;产品,作品;
productive [pr4'd8ktiv] a.生产(性)的,能产的,多产的;
productivity [.pr4ud8k'tiv4ti] n.生产率;
profession [pr4'fe54n] n.职业,自由职业;
professional [pr4'fe54n4l] a.职业的,专业的,专门的; n.自由职业者,专业人员;
professor [pr4'fes4] n.教授;
proficiency [pr4'fi54nsi] n.(in)熟练,精通;
profile ['pr4ufail] n.侧面(像);轮廓,外形;人物简介;
profit ['pr3fit] n.利润,收益,益处; v.(by,from)得利,获益;利用;有利于;
profitable ['pr3fit4b4l] a.有利可图的,有益的;
profound [pr4'faund] a.深刻的,意义深远的;渊博的,造诣深的;
program/programme [] n.节目,节目单;计划,议程;程序;规划,纲要; v.编制程序; 
progress [pr4'gres] v./n.前进,进步,进展; make progress进步,进展;
progressive [pr4'gresiv] a.进步的,先进的;前进的;
prohibit [pr4'hibit,pr4u'hibit] v.禁止,不准;阻止;
project ['pr3d9ekt,pr4'd9ekt] n.方案,计划,工程,项目; v.投射,放映;(使)凸出,(使)伸出;设计规划;
projector [pr4'd9ekt4] n.放映机,幻灯机,投影仪;
prolong [pr4'l36] v.拉长,延长;
prominent ['pr3m4n4nt] a.突起的,凸出的;突出的,杰出的;
promise ['pr3mis] v.允许,允诺,答应;有...可能,有希望; n.承诺,诺言;希望,出息;
promising ['pr3misi6] a.有希望的,有前途的;
promote [pr4'm4ut] v.促进,发扬;提升,提拔;增进,助长;
prompt [pr3mpt] a.敏捷的,迅速的,即刻的; v.激起,促进,推动;
pronoun ['pr4unaun] n.代词;
pronounce [pr4'nauns] v.发…的音;宣布,宣判;
pronunciation [pr4.n8nsi'ei54n] n.发音,发音方法;
proof [pru:f] n.证据,证明;校样,样张;
propeller [pr4'pel4] n.螺旋桨,推进器;
proper ['pr3p4] a.适合的,恰当的;合乎体统的,正当的;固有的,特有; 的;有礼貌的,正派的;本身(的);
property ['pr3p4ti] n.财产,资产,所有物;性质,特性;
proportion [pr4'p4ur54n] n.比例;部分,份儿;均衡,相称; in proportion (to)(与...)成比例的;
proposal [pr4'p4uz4l] n.提议,建议;求婚;
propose [pr4'p4uz] v.提议,建议;提名,推荐;求婚;
proposition [.pr3p4'zi54n] n.主张,建议;陈述,命题;
propulsion [pr4'p8l54n] n.推进,推进力;
prospect ['pr3spekt] n.景色;前景,前途,展望;
prosper ['pr3sp4] v.繁荣,使繁荣,使成功;
prosperity [pr3s'per4ti] n.繁荣,兴旺;
prosperous ['pr3sp4r4s] a.繁荣的,兴旺的;
protect [pr4'tekt] v.(from)保护,保卫;
protein ['pr4uti:in] n.蛋白质;
protest ['pr4utest,pr4'test] v./n.抗议,反对;
proton ['pr4ut3n] n.质子;
proud [praud] a.(of)自豪的;得意的;骄傲的,引以自豪的;妄自尊; 大的;
prove [pru:v] v.证明,证实;检验;考验;鉴定;结果是,表明是;
provide [pr4'vaid] v.(with,for)提供,供给;
provided [pr4'vaidid] conj.倘若,只要,假如;
province ['pr3vins] n.省;领域,范围,本分;
provision [pr4'vi94n] n.供应,(一批)供应品;准备,预备;条款,规定;[pl.]; 给养,口粮;
provoke [pr4'v4uk] v.挑动;激发;招惹;
psychological [.saik4'l3d9ik4l] a.心理(上)的;
psychology [sai'k3l4d9i] n.心理学,心理;
public ['p8blik] a.公共的,公用的,公众的;公开的,公然的; n.公众,民众; in public公开地,当众;
publication [.p8bli'kei54n] n.出版物;出版,发行;公布,发表;
publicity [p8b'lis4ti] n.宣传,宣扬;公众的注意,名声;
publish ['p8bli5] v.出版,刊印;公布,发布;
puff [p8f] n.一口(气),一阵(风); v.喘气,喷气;
pull [pul] v.拉,拖; n.拉,拖;拉力,牵引力; pull down拆毁,拉倒;拉下,降低; pull in(车)停下,进站,(船)到岸; pull off脱(帽,衣等); pull on穿,戴; pull out拔出,抽出,取出;(车,船等)驶出;(车辆)减; 速; pull up(使)停下;
pulse [p8ls] n.脉搏,脉冲;
pump [p8mp] n.泵; v.用(泵)抽(水);打气,泵送;
punch [p8nt5] n.冲压机,冲床;穿孔机; v.冲压,穿孔;
punctual ['p86kt5u4l] a.严守时刻的,准时的,正点的;
punish ['p8ni5] v.惩罚,处罚;
punishment ['p8ni5m4nt] n.惩罚,处罚;
pupil ['pju:p4l] n.学生,小学生;瞳孔;
puppet ['p8pit] n.木偶,傀儡;
purchase ['p4:t54s] v.买,购买; n.购买的物品;
pure [pju4] a.纯的,纯洁的;纯理论的,抽象的;完全的,十足的;
purify ['pjur4.fai] v.使纯净,提纯;
purity ['pjur4ti] n.纯净,纯洁;纯度;
purple ['p4:p4l] a.紫的; n.紫色;
purpose ['p4:p4s] n.目的,意图;用途,效果; for (the) purpose of为了; on purpose故意,有意; with the purpose of为了;
purse [p4:s] n.钱包;
pursue [p4'su:] v.追赶,追踪;继续,从事;
pursuit [p4'su:t] n.追赶,追求;职业,工作;
push [pu5] v.推;催逼,逼迫; n.推,推力;促进,推进;
put [put] v.放,摆;记下,写下,叙述;使...处于(某种状态); put across解释清楚,说明; put aside储存,保留; put away放好,收好;储存; put down记下,放下;镇压,平定; put forward提出; put in驶进; put in for申请; put off推迟,推延; put on穿上,戴上;上演;增加(体重); put out熄灭,消灭,关(灯);出版,发布;生产; put up提出,举起,升起,提(价);为...提供食宿,投; 宿;建造;搭起,支起;张贴; put up with容忍,忍受;
puzzle ['p8z4l] n.难题,谜,迷惑; v.(使)迷惑,(使)为难;
pyramid ['pir4mid] n.金字塔;
qualification [.kw3l4f4'kei54n] n.资格,合格;限定,条件;合格证;
qualify ['kw3l4.fai] v.(使)具有资格,证明合格;限制,限定;修饰;
qualitative ['kw3l4.teitiv] a.性质上的,定性的;
quality ['kw3l4ti] n.质量,品质,特性;
quantify ['kw3nt4.fai] v.确定数量;
quantitative ['kw3nt4.teitiv] a.数量的,定量的;
quantity ['kw3nt4ti] n.量,数量;大量;
quarrel ['kw3r4l] v.(about,over)争吵,争论; n.争吵,口角;
quart [kw3:t] n.夸脱;
quarter ['kw3:t4] n.四分之一;季,季度;一刻钟;[pl.]方向,地区,方; 面;[pl.]住处;
quarterly ['kw3:t4li] a.每季的; ad.每季一次; n.季刊;
quartz [kw3:ts] n.石英;
queen ['kwi:n,kwi:n] n.女王,皇后,王后;
queer [kwi4] a.奇怪的,古怪的;
quench [kwent5] v.熄灭,扑灭;解(渴);
question ['kwest54n] n.问题,议题;发问,询问; v.询问,审问;怀疑,对...表示疑问; in question正在考虑;
questionable ['kwest54n4b4l] a.可疑的,不可靠的;
queue [kju:] n.行列,长队; v.(up)排队,排队等待;
quick [kwik] a.快的,迅速的;灵敏的,敏捷的,伶俐的;性急的,敏; 锐的; ad.快,迅速地;
quiet ['kwai4t] a.安静的,平静的; n.安静,平静; v.使安静,平静;
quilt [kwilt] n.被子;
quit [kwit] v.离开,退出;停止,放弃,辞职;
quite [kwait] ad.十分,完全;相当,颇;的确,真正;
quiver ['kwiv4] v./n.颤抖,抖动;
quiz [kwiz] n.小型考试,测验,问答比赛;
quote [kw4ut] v.引用,援引;
rabbit ['r1bit] n.兔子;
race [reis] n.(速度上的)比赛;人种,种族; v.全速进行,(使)比速度,竞赛;
racial ['rei54l] a.种的,种族的;
rack [r1k] n.挂物架,搁物架; v.使痛苦,折磨;
racket ['r1kit] n.球拍;
radar ['reid2:] n.雷达;
radiate ['reidi.eit] v.放射,辐射;散布,传播;
radiator ['reidi.eit4] n.暖气片,散热器;
radical ['r1dik4l] a.基本的,重要的;激进的,极端的;根本的;
radio ['reidi.4u] n.收音机,无线电报,无线电话; v.用无线电通讯;
radioactive [.reidi4u'1ktiv] a.放射性,放射引起的;
radioactivity [.reidi4u1k'tiv4ti] n.放射性,放射现象;
radium ['reidi4m] n.镭;
radius ['reidi4s] n.半径;
rag [r1g] n.破布,碎布;
rage [reid9] n.愤怒;
raid [reid] n.袭击,搜查;
rail [reil] n.栏杆,围栏;[pl.]铁路;铁轨,轨道;横杆,栏杆;
railroad/railway [] n.铁路; v.由铁道运输; 
rain [rein] n.雨; v.下雨;
rainbow ['rein.b4u] n.虹;
raise [reiz] v.举起,提高,提升;增加;饲养,养育;引起,惹起;竖; 起;提出,发起;
rake [reik] n.耙子,耙机; v.耙;搜索,探索;
rally ['r1li] n.集会;公路汽车赛; v.集合,团结;恢复(健康等),重新振作;
random ['r1nd4m] a.随机的,随意的; n.随机,随意; at random随机地,任意地;
range [reind9] n.范围,距离,领域;排列,连续;(山)脉;炉灶; v.排列成行;
rank [r16k] n.军衔,社会阶层;排,横列; v.分等级,把...分类;排列;
rapid ['r1pid] a.快,急速的; n.[pl.]急流,湍滩;
rapidity [r4'pid4ti] n.快,迅速;
rare [rA4] a.稀有的,难得的,珍奇的;稀薄的,稀疏的;
rarely ['rA4li] ad.很少,难得,非常地;
rat [r1t] n.鼠;
rate [reit] n.速率,比率;等级;价格,费用; v.估价;评级,评价; at any rate无论如何,至少;
rather ['r2:04] ad.相当,有一点儿;宁愿,宁可; had/would rather...than宁愿...,而不愿; rather than而不,不顾;
ratio ['rei54u] n.比,比率;
rational ['r154n4l] a.理性的,合理的;
raw [r3:] a.未煮过的,生的;未加工过的,未经训练的;
ray [rei] n.光线,射线;
razor ['reiz4] n.剃刀;
reach [ri:t5] v.抵达,达到;(out)伸手,够到,触到; n.能达到的范围;
react [ri'1kt] v.反应,起作用;(against)反对,起反作用;
reactor [ri'1kt4] n.反应堆;
read [red,ri:d] v.朗读,阅读;看懂,理解;指明,标明,观察,辨认;
reader ['ri:d4] n.读者,读物,读本;
readily ['redili] ad.容易地;乐意地,欣然地;
reading ['ri:di6] n.阅读,读书;读物,选读;读数;
ready ['redi] a.(for)准备好的,现成的;甘心的;
real ['ri:4l] a.真的,真实的;实际的,现实的;
realistic [ri4'listik] a.现实(主义)的;
reality [ri'1l4ti] n.现实,实际;真实;
realization/realisation [] n.实现; 
realise/realize [] v.认识到,体会到;实现; 
really ['ri4li] ad.确实,实在,真正地,果然;
realm [relm] n.王国,国土;领域;
reap [ri:p] v.收割,收获;
rear [ri4] n.后部,尾部; a.后方的,后部的;背后的; v.饲养,抚养;
reason ['ri:z4n] n.理由,原因;理性,理智; v.推论,推理;说服,评理;讨论,辩论; by reason of由于;
reasonable ['ri:z4n4b4l] a.合理的,有道理的;通情达理的;适度;
rebel ['reb4l,ri'bel] v.反抗,反叛,起义; n.叛逆者,起义者;
rebellion [ri'belj4n] n.叛乱,反抗,起义;
recall [ri'k3:l] v.回忆,回想;撤消,收回;
receipt [ri'si:t] n.收据,收条;收到,接到;
receive [ri'si:v] v.收到,接到;遭受,受到;接待,接见;
recent ['ri:s4nt] a.新近的,近来的;
reception [ri'sep54n] n.接待,招待会;接收,接受,接收效果;
recipe ['res4pi] n.烹饪法,食谱;诀窍,方法;
reciprocal [ri'sipr4k4l] a.相互的,往复的,互利的;
recite [ri:'sait,ri'sait] v.背诵,朗诵;
reckon ['rek4n] v.认为,估计;指望,想要;测算; reckon on依靠,指望; reckon with估计到,预料到;处理,对付;
reclaim [ri'kleim] v.要求归还,收回;开垦;
recognition [.rek4g'ni54n] n.认出,辨认;承认;
recognize/recognise [] v.认出,识别;承认; 
recollect [.rek4'lekt] v.回忆,追想;
recommend [.rek4'mend] v.推荐,介绍;劝告,建议;
reconcile ['rek4nsail] v.使和好,调解,使调和;(to,with)使一致;
record ['rek4d,ri'k3:d] n.记录,记载;最高记录;最佳成绩;履历,经历;唱片; v.记录,登记;录音;
recorder [ri'k3:d4] n.记录员;录音机;
recover [ri'k8v4] v.收回,换回;(from)恢复,痊愈;重新获得,重新找到;
recovery [ri'k8v4ri] n.痊愈,复元;重获,恢复;
recreation [.rekri'ei54n] n.娱乐,消遣;
recruit [ri'kru:t] v.招募(新兵),招收(新成员); n.新兵,新成员;
rectify ['rekt4.fai] v.纠正,整顿;
red [red] a.红色的; n.红色;颜料;
reduce [ri'dju:s] v.减少,缩小;简化,还原;
reduction [ri'd8k54n] n.减小,缩小;
reed [ri:d] n.芦苇,苇丛;芦笛,牧笛;
reel [ri:l] n.卷筒,线轴; v.卷,绕;
refer [ri'f4:] v.参考,查阅,查询;(to)提到,引用;提交,上呈; refer to参考,查阅;涉及,提到;把...提交; refer to...as把...称作,把...当作;
reference ['ref4r4ns] n.提及,涉及;参考,参考书目;证明书（人）;介绍（人）;
refine [ri'fain] v.精炼,精制,提纯;
refinery [ri'fain4ri] n.精炼厂,提炼厂;
reflect [ri'flekt] v.反映,表现;反省,细想;考虑;
reflection/reflexion [] n.映像,倒影;反省,沉思; 
reform [.ri'f3:m,ri'f3:m] v./n.改革,改造,改良;
refresh [ri'fre5] v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复;
refreshment [ri'fre5m4nt] n.[常pl.]点心,饮料;精力恢复,爽快;
refrigerator/fridge [] n.冰箱,冷冻机,冷藏库; 
refuge ['refju:d9] n.避难处,藏身处;
refusal [ri'fju:z4l] n.拒绝,回绝;
refuse ['refju:s,ri'fju:z] v.拒绝,谢绝; n.废物,垃圾;
refute [ri'fju:t] v.反驳,驳斥;
regard [ri'g2:d] v.(as)把…看作为,把...认为;考虑,注视; n.[pl.]敬重,敬意,问候; as regards关于,至于; with/in regard to对于;就...而论;
regarding [ri'g2:di6] prep.关于;
regardless [ri'g2:dlis] ad.不留心的,不注意的;(of)不管;
regenerative [ri'd9en4.reitiv] a.再生的,更生的;
regime [rei'9i:m,ri'9i:m] n.政体,制度;
region ['ri:d94n] n.地区,区域,范围;
register ['red9ist4] v.登记,注册;(仪表等)指示,自动记下,把(邮件)挂; 号; n.登记,注册;
regret [ri'gret] v./n.遗憾,懊悔,抱歉;
regular ['regj4l4] a.有规律的,有规则的;整齐的,匀称的,正规的,正式; 的;
regularity [.regj4'l1r4ti] n.规律性,规则性;整齐,匀称;
regulate ['regj4.leit] v.管制,控制;调节,校准;调整;
regulation [.regj4'lei54n] n.规则,规章;调节,校准;调整;
rehearsal [ri'h4:s4l] n.排练,彩排;
reign [rein] v.(over)统治,支配;盛行,占优势; n.统治,统治时期,支配;朝代;
reinforce [.ri:in'f3:s] v.增援,加强;
reject ['rid9ekt,ri'd9ekt] v.拒绝,抵制,驳回;丢弃;排斥,退掉;
rejoice [ri'd93is] v.(使)欣喜,(使)高兴;
relate [ri'leit] v.叙述,讲述;使互相关联;
relation [ri'lei54n] n.关系,联系;亲属,亲戚; in/with relation to关系到;
relationship [ri'lei54n'5ip] n.关系,联系;
relative ['rel4tiv] a.(to)相对的,比较的;有关系的,相关的;
relativity [.rel4'tiv4ti] n.相关(性);相对论;
relax [ri'l1ks] v.(使)松驰,放松;
relay [ri'lei] v.中继,转播,接力; n.接替人员,替班;
release [ri'li:s] v.释放,解放;发表,发行;
relevant ['rel4v4nt] a.(to)有关的,相应的;适当的,中肯的;实质性的,有; 重大意义的;
reliability [ri.lai4'bil4ti] n.可靠性;
reliable [ri'lai4b4l] a.可靠的;
reliance [ri'lai4ns] n.信赖,依靠;
relic ['relik] n.纪念物,遗迹;
relief [ri'li:f] n.(痛苦等)减轻,解除;援救,救济;
relieve [ri'li:v] v.(of)减轻,解除,减少;换班,换岗;
religion [ri'lid94n] n.宗教,信仰;信念,信条;
religious [ri'lid94s] a.宗教的,信教的,虔诚的;
reluctant [ri'l8kt4nt] a.不愿的,勉强的;
rely [ri'lai] v.(on)依赖,依靠;信赖,信任;
remain [ri'mein] v.剩下,余留;留待,尚须;仍然是,依旧是;
remainder [ri'meind4] n.剩余物,剩下的;余数,余项;
remains [ri'meinz] n.[pl.]剩余,残余,遗迹;
remark [ri'm2:k] n.(about,on)评语,议论,意见; v.(on)评论,谈论;注意到,察觉;
remarkable [ri'm2:k4b4l] a.值得注意的;显著的,异常的,非凡的;
remedy ['rem4di] n.药品;治疗措施,补救办法; v.治疗,医治;纠正,补救;
remember [ri'memb4] v.记住,记得;(to)转达问候,代...致意,代...问好;
remind [ri'maind] v.(of)提醒,使想起;
remote [ri'm4ut] a.远的,长久的;偏僻的;关系疏远的;远的;
removal [ri'mu:v4l] n.移动,迁居;除去;
remove [ri'mu:v] v.排除,消除,去掉;搬迁,移动,运走;
render ['rend4] v.使得,致使;提出,提供,呈报;
renew [ri'nju:] v.(使)更新,恢复,重新开始,继续;
renovate ['ren4.veit] v.更新,修复;
rent [rent] v.租,租赁; n.租金;
repair [ri'pA4] n.修理,修补; v.补救,纠正;修理;
repay [ri'pei] v.付还,偿还;报答;
repeat [ri'pi:t] v.重复,重说,重做; n.重复;
repeatedly [ri'pi:tidli] ad.重复地,再三地;
repel [ri'pel] v.击退,抵制,拒绝,排斥;
repent [ri'pent] v.后悔,悔悟;
repetition [.repi'ti54n] n.重复,反复;
replace [ri'pleis] v.放回,替换,取代;归还;
replacement [ri'pleism4nt] n.取代,替换,替换物,代替物;
reply [ri'plai] v./n.(to)回答,答复,以...作答;
report [ri'p4urt] n.报告,汇报;传说,传阅; v.报告,汇报,报到;
reporter [ri'p4urt4] n.报告人,通讯员;记者,报导者;
represent [.repri'zent] v.描述,表示;代表,代理;阐明,说明;
representation [.reprizen'tei54n] n.描述,表示;代表,代理;
representative [repri'zent4tiv] n.代表,代理人; a.(of)典型的,有代表性的;
reproach [ri'pr4ut5] v./n.责备,指责;
reproduce [.ri:pr4'dju:s] v.生殖;翻版;繁殖;复制,仿造;
reptile ['rept4l] n.爬行动物;
republic [ri'p8blik] n.共和国,共和政体;
republican [ri'p8blik4n] a.共和的;
reputation [.repj4'tei54n] n.名声,声望;
request [ri'kwest] v./n.请求,要求;
require [ri'kwai4] v.需要;(of)要求,命令;
requirement [ri'kwai4m4nt] n.(for)需要,需要的东西,要求;
rescue ['reskju:] v./n.营救,援救;
research [ri's4:t5] v./n.(into,on)研究,调查;
resemblance [ri'zembl4ns] n.相似,相似处;
resemble [ri'zemb4l] v.像,类似;
resent [ri'zent] v.对...表示忿恨,怨恨;
reservation [.rez4'vei54n] n.保留,保留意见;预定,预订;
reserve [ri'z4:v] n.储备(物),储藏量,储备金;缄默,谨慎; v.保留,储备;预定,预约;
reservoir ['rez4.v3:] n.水库,蓄水池;
residence ['rez4d4ns] n.住处,住宅;
resident ['rez4d4nt] n.居民,常住者; a.居住的;
resign [ri'zain] v.辞去,辞职;
resignation [.rezig'nei54n] n.辞职,辞呈;
resist [ri'zist] v.抵抗,反抗;抗,忍得住,抵制;
resistance [ri'zist4ns] n.(to)抵抗,反抗;抵抗力,阻力;电阻;
resistant [ri'zist4nt] a.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的;
resolute ['rez4.lu:t] a.坚决的,果断的;
resolution [.rez4'lu:54n] n.坚决,决心;决定,决议;
resolve [ri'z3lv] v.决心,决定;(使)分解,溶解;议决,决议; n.解决,解答;决心;决议;
resort [ri'z3:t] v.(to)求助,诉诸,凭借; n.胜地,常去之处;手段;
resource [ri's4urs] n.[pl.]资源,财力;办法,智谋;应变之才;
respect [ri'spekt] v.尊敬,尊重; n.尊敬,尊重;[pl.]敬意,问候; with respect to关于;
respectable [ri'spekt4b4l] a.可敬的,高尚的;
respectful [ri'spektf4l] a.充满敬意的,有礼貌的;
respective [ri'spektiv] a.各自的,各个的;
respond [ri'sp3nd] v.回答,答复;(to)响应;
response [ri'sp3ns] n.回答,回音;反应,响应;
responsibility [ri.sp3ns4'bil4ti] n.责任,责任心;职责,任务;
responsible [ri'sp3ns4b4l] a.(for,to)应负责的,有责任的;可靠的,可信赖的;; 责任重大的,重要的;
rest [rest] n.休息,睡眠,停止,静;剩余部分,其余;[the rest]; 其余的人(或物); v.休息;睡,放,靠,(使)搁在;
restaurant ['rest4r4nt] n.餐馆,饭店;
restless ['restlis] a.得不到休息的;不平静的;不安的,坐立不安的;
restore [ri'st4ur] v.恢复,使回复;归还,交还;修复,重建;
restrain [ri'strein] v.(from)抑制,制止;
restraint [ri'streint] n.抑制,制止;
restrict [ri'strikt] v.限制,约束;
restriction [ri'strik54n] n.限制,约束;
result [ri'z8lt] n.结果,成果,成绩; v.(in)导致,结果是;(from)起因于,因...而造成; as a result结果,因此; as a result of由于...的结果;
resultant [ri'z8lt4nt] a.作为结果而发生的;合成的;
resume [.rezju'mei,ri'zju:m,ri'zu:m] v.再继续,重新开始;重新占用,再用;恢复; n.简历;
retail ['ri:teil] n.零售;
retain [ri'tein] v.保持,保留;
retire [ri'tai4] v.退休,引退;退却,撤退;就寝;
retreat [ri'tri:t] v.撤退,退却;
return [ri't4:n] v./n.返回,回来;归还,送还;回答; in return作为回报,作为报答;
reveal [ri'vi:l] v.展现,显示,揭示,揭露,告诉,泄露;
revenge [ri'vend9] n.报复,复仇; v.替…报仇;
revenue ['rev4.nju:] n.财政收入,税收;
reverse [ri'v4:s] n.相反,反转,颠倒;背面,后面; a.相反的,倒转的; v.颠倒,倒转,(使)倒退;
review [ri'vju:] v.回顾,复习; n.回顾,复习;评论;
revise [ri'vaiz] v.修订,校订;修正,修改;
revive [ri'vaiv] v.恢复;(使)复苏;
revolt [ri'v4ult] v./n.反抗,起义;
revolution [.rev4'lu:54n] n.革命;旋转,转数;
revolutionary [.rev4'lu:54n.eri] a.革命的,革新的; n.革命者;
revolve [ri'v3lv] v.(使)旋转;
reward [ri'w3:d] n.(for)报酬,赏金,奖赏; v.(for)酬劳,奖赏;酬谢,报答,奖酬;
rhythm ['ri04m] n.节奏,韵律;
rib [rib] n.肋骨,肋状物;
ribbon ['rib4n] n.缎带,丝带,带,带状物;
rice [rais] n.稻,米;
rich [rit5] a.富的,有钱的;富饶的,肥沃的;(in)充足的,丰富的;
rid [rid] v.(of)使摆脱,使去掉; get rid of摆脱,除去;
riddle ['rid4l] n.谜,谜语;
ride [raid] v./n.骑,乘;
ridge [rid9] n.岭,山脉;屋脊;鼻梁;
ridiculous [ri'dikj4l4s] a.荒谬的,可笑的;
rifle ['raif4l] n.步枪;
right [rait] a.正确的,对的;合适的,恰当的;右边的,右方的;正; 常的,健康的;直角的,直的; ad.对,不错;直接地,径直地;正好,完全; n.权利,法权;右面; all right好,行;
rigid ['rid9id] a.刚性的;刻板的;严厉的;
rim [rim] n.(圆物的)边,轮缘;边界;
ring [ri6] n.戒指;圆圈,环;铃声,按铃;(打)电话; v.按(铃),敲(钟);(up)打电话; ring off挂断电话;
ripe [raip] a.熟的,成熟的;(for)时机成熟的;
ripen ['raip4n] v.(使)成熟;
rise [raiz] v.升起,上升;起立,起床;上涨,增高;起义,奋起; n.上涨,增高;起源,发生; give rise to引起,使发生;造成;
risk [risk] v.冒…的危险; n.冒险;风险;
rival ['raiv4l] n.竞争者,对手; v.竞争,对抗; a.竞争的;
river ['riv4] n.河流;
road [r4ud] n.路,道路,途径; on the road在旅途中;
roar [r4ur] v.吼叫,怒号;轰鸣,咆哮;
roast [r4ust] v.烤,炙,烘;
rob [r3b] v.(of)抢劫,盗取;非法剥夺;
robber ['r3b4] n.强盗,盗贼;
robbery ['r3b4ri] n.抢劫,盗取;
robe [r4ub] n.长袍,上衣;
robot ['r4ub4t] n.机器人,自动机械;
rock [r3k] n.岩石,石块; v.摇,摇动;
rocket ['r3kit] n.火箭;
rod [r3d] n.杆,棒;
role [r4ul] n.角色;作用,任务;
roll [r4ul] v.滚动,转动;使摇摆,(使)摇晃;辗,轧;卷,绕;(up); 卷起,卷拢; n.(一)卷,卷形物,面包卷;名单,名册;
Roman ['r4um4n,r4u'm2:6] a.罗马的,罗马数字的,罗马人的; n.罗马人;
romance [r4u'm1ns] n.传奇,爱情故事;
romantic [r4'm1ntik,r4u'm1ntik] a.浪漫的,传奇式的;不切实际的,好幻想的;
roof [ru:f] n.屋顶,顶;
room [ru:m] n.房间,室,空间,地方;余地; rest room带厕所或盥洗室的休息室;
root [ru:t] n.根,根部;根本,根源; v.(使)生根,(使)扎根;
rope [r4up] n.绳,索;
rose [r4uz] n.玫瑰,蔷薇;
rot [r3t] v.(使)腐烂,(使)腐败,腐朽;
rotary ['r4ut4ri] a.旋转的;
rotate ['r4uteit] v.(使)旋转;
rotten ['r3tn] a.腐烂的,腐朽的;
rough [r8f] a.粗糙的;粗略的,大致的;粗野的,粗暴的;
round [raund] a.圆的,球形的; prep.围绕; ad.在周围; v.绕行;使成圆形,弄圆; n.(一)回合,(一)场,(一)圈,(一)周,巡回; all round周围,处处;
roundabout ['raund4.baut] a.迂回,转弯抹角的; n.环状交叉路;
rouse [rauz] v.惊起;唤起,唤醒;
route [ru:t] n.路线,路程;
routine [ru:'ti:n] n.例行公事,常规; a.常规的,例行的;
row [r4u,rau] n.(一)排,(一)行;吵嚷,口角; v.划(船)等,荡桨;
royal ['r3i4l] a.王室的,皇家的;第一流的,高贵的;
royalty ['r3i4lti] n.皇家,皇族;
rub [r8b] v.擦,摩擦; rub out擦掉,试去;
rubber ['r8b4] n.橡皮,橡胶;橡胶制品,胶鞋;
rubbish ['r8bi5] n.垃圾,废物;废话;
ruby ['ru:bi] n.红宝石;
rude [ru:d] a.粗鲁的,无礼的;猛烈的,残暴的;粗糙的,粗陋的;
rug [r8g] n.(小)地毯;围毯;
ruin ['ru:in,'ruin] v.毁灭,毁坏;(使)破产;(使)堕落; n.毁灭,崩溃;[pl.]废墟,遗迹;
rule [ru:l] v.统治,控制;支配;裁决,裁定; n.规章,条例;习惯,通例;统治,管辖; as a rule通常,照例;
ruler ['ru:l4] n.统治者,支配者;尺,直尺;
rumor/rumour [] n.传闻,谣言; 
run [r8n] v.(使)跑,(使)奔跑;行驶,驾驶;运转,开动,蔓延,伸; 展;经营,管理;运载,运送;流,淌; n.运行,运转; run down撞倒,停掉,撞沉;追捕,追获,追查出; run for竞选; run into撞上,偶然碰见; run off复印,打印; run out of用完,用尽,耗尽; run over溢出,满出;略读,略述;辗过;浏览,匆匆复; 习; in the long run最终,从长远观点看来;
rural ['rur4l] a.农村的;
rush [r85] v.(使)冲,(使)突进;奔,急速流动; n.冲,急速行进; a.(交通)繁忙的;
Russian ['r854n] a.俄罗斯的,俄国的,俄国人的,俄语的; n.俄罗斯人,俄国人,俄语;
rust [r8st] n.铁锈; v.(使)生锈;
ruthless ['ru:7lis] a.残酷的,无情的;
sack [s1k] n.袋,包,麻袋; v.解雇;
sacred ['seikrid] a.神圣的;宗教的;庄严的;
sacrifice ['s1kr4.fais] n.牺牲,献身,牺牲品;祭品,供物; v.(for,to)牺牲,献出,献祭;
sad [s1d] a.悲哀的,忧愁的;
saddle ['s1d4l] n.鞍,马鞍,鞍状物;
safe [seif] a.安全的,平安的,牢靠的;谨慎的,可靠的; n.保险箱;
safeguard ['seif.g2:d] v.维护,保护,捍卫; n.安全装置,安全措施;
safety ['seifti] n.安全,保险;安全设备,保险装置;
sail [seil] n.帆,航行; v.航行;
sailor ['seil4] n.水手,海员;
saint [seint] n.圣人,圣徒;[Saint或略作St.,用于人,地名前]圣;
sake [seik] n.缘故; for the sake of为了...起见,看在...的份上;
salad ['s1l4d] n.色拉,凉拌菜;
salary ['s1l4ri] n.薪金,薪水;
sale [seil] n.出售,上市;贱卖,廉价出售;销售额; on sale出售;贱卖;
salesman ['seilzm4n] n.售货员,推销员;
salt [s3:lt] n.盐,类; v.腌,盐渍;
salute [s4'lu:t] v./n.敬礼,鸣礼炮;迎接,欢迎;
same [seim] a.相同的,一样的;上述的,刚才提到的; pron.同样的人,同样事物; all the same仍然,照样地; the same as与...一致,与...相同的;
sample ['s1mp4l] n.样品,标本; v.抽样试验,抽样调查;
sand [s1nd] n.沙;[pl.]沙滩,沙地;
sandwich ['s1ndwit5] n.三明治,夹肉面包; v.夹入,挤进;
satellite ['s1t4l.ait] n.卫星,人造卫星;
satire ['s1tai4] n.讽刺;
satisfaction [.s1tis'f1k54n] n.满足,满意;乐事,愉快;
satisfactory [.s1tis'f1kt4ri] a.令人满意的;
satisfy ['s1tis.fai] v.满意,使满意;说服;
Saturday ['s1t4dei] n.星期六;
sauce [s3:s] n.酱汁,调味汁;
saucer ['s3:s4] n.茶托,碟子;
sausage ['s3:sid9] n.香肠,腊肠;
savage ['s1vid9] a.野蛮的,未开化的;凶恶的,残暴的; n.未开化的人;
save [seiv] v.救,拯救;储蓄,贮存;节省;
saving ['seivi6] n.储蓄;[pl.]储蓄金,存款;
saw [s3:] n.锯子,锯床; v.锯,锯开;
say [sei] n.发言权,意见; v.说,说明,比方说;
scale [skeil] n.刻度,标度;天平,磅秤;比例尺;规模;音阶;鱼鳞; on a large scale大规模地; on a small scale小规模地;
scan [sk1n] v.细看,审视;浏览;扫描; n.扫描;
scar [sk2:] n.疤,瘢痕;创伤;
scarce [skA4s] a.缺乏的,不足的;稀少的,罕见的;
scarcely ['skA4sli] ad.几乎不,简直没有,勉强;
scare [skA4] n.惊恐,恐慌; v.惊吓,受惊;
scarf [sk2:f] n.围巾,头巾;
scatter ['sk1t4] v.散开,驱散;散布,散播;
scene [si:n] n.景色,景象,舞台;(戏)一场;
scenery ['si:n4ri] n.风景,舞台布景;
scent [sent] n.气味,香味;香水;
schedule ['sked9ul] n.时间表,进度表; v.安排,预定; ahead of schedule提前; behind schedule晚点; on schedule按预定时间;
scheme [ski:m] n.计划,方案;阴谋;配置;安排; v.计划,策划;阴谋;
scholar ['sk3l4] n.学者;
scholarship ['sk3l4.5ip] n.奖学金;学问,学识;
school [sku:l] n.学校;(大学里的)学院,系;学派,流派;
schooling ['sku:li6] n.学校教育,就学;
science ['sai4ns] n.科学;学科;
scientific [.sai4n'tifik] a.科学上的;
scientist ['sai4ntist] n.科学家;
scissors ['siz4z] n.剪子;
scold [sk4uld] v.责骂,训斥;
scope [sk4up] n.(活动)范围;机会,余地;
score [sk4ur] n.得分,分数;二十; v.得(分),记(...的)分数;
scorn [sk3:n] v./n.轻蔑,藐视;
scout [skaut] n.侦察员,侦察机(舰); v.搜索,侦察;
scrap [skr1p] n.碎片;废料; v.废弃,报废;
scrape [skreip] v.刮,擦去;(through)擦过,勉强通过; n.刮削,刮削声;擦伤,擦痕; scrape through擦过,勉强通过;
scratch [skr1t5] v.抓,搔,扒; n.抓,搔,抓痕;起跑线; start from scratch从头做起,从零开始;
scream [skri:m] v./n.尖声叫,嚎叫;
screen [skri:n] n.屏幕,屏风;帘; v.掩蔽,包庇;筛选;
screw [skru:] n.螺旋,螺丝(钉); v.拧,拧紧;
sea [si:] n.海,海洋;
seal [si:l] n.封铅,封条;印,图章;海豹; v.封,密封;
seam [si:m] n.缝,接缝;
seaman ['si:m4n] n.海员,水手;
seaport ['si:.p4urt] n.海港,港口;
search [s4:t5] v./n.(for)搜索,寻找,探查;
seaside ['si:.said] n.海滨,海边;
season ['si:z4n] n.季,季节,时节;
seat [si:t] n.座位,底座;所在地,场所; v.使坐下;
second ['sek4nd] a.第二;次等的,二等的; n.秒; v.赞成,附和;
secondary ['sek4n.deri] a.次要的,二级的;中级的,第二的; second-hand; n.旧的,用过的;
secondly ['sek4ndli] ad.第二,其次;
secret ['si:krit] a.秘密的,机密的; n.秘密; in secret秘密地,私下地;
secretary ['sekr4.teri] n.秘书,书记;部长,大臣;
section ['sek54n] n.章节,部分;地区,部门,科;截面,剖面;
secure [si'kju4] a.(from,against)安全的,可靠的,放心的; v.得到,获得;防护,保卫;
security [si'kjur4ti] n.安全;
see [si:] v.看见;理解,领会;获悉,知道;会见,访问;目睹,经; 历; see off给...送行; see through看穿,识破;干完,干到底; see to注意,负责,照料;修理;
seed [si:d] n.种子; v.播种;结实,结籽;
seek [si:k] v.(after,for)寻找,探索;试图,企图;
seem [si:m] v.好像,似乎;
segment ['segm4nt] n.段,片,节,部分;
seize [si:z] v.抓住,逮住;夺取,占领;没收,查封;
seldom ['seld4m] ad.很少,不常;
select [s4'lekt] v.选择,挑选; a.精选的,选择的;
selection [s4'lek54n] n.选择,挑选;选集,精选物;
self [self] n.自我,本身,自己;
sell [sel] v.卖,出售;
semester [s4'mest4] n.学期;
semiconductor [.semik4n'd8kt4] n.半导体;
seminar ['sem4.n2:] n.(大学的)研究班,研讨会;
senate ['senit] n.参议院,上院;
senator ['sen4t4] n.参议员;
send [send] v.送,寄;派遣,打发; send for派人去请,召唤;索取; send in呈报,提交,送来;
senior ['si:nj4] a.年长的;资格老的,地位较高的; n.(大学)四年级学生;
sensation [sen'sei54n] n.感觉,知觉;激动,轰动,轰动一时的事情;
sense [sens] n.感官,官能;感觉;判断力;见识;意义,意思; v.觉得,意识到; in a sense从某种意义上说; make sense讲得通,有意义,言之有理;
sensible ['sens4b4l] a.明智的,达理的;可觉察的,明显的;
sensitive ['sens4tiv] a.(to)敏感的,易受伤害的;灵敏的;
sensitivity [.sens4'tiv4ti] n.敏感,灵敏(度);
sensor ['sens4] n.传感器,灵敏元件;
sentence ['sent4ns] n.句子;判决,宣判; v.宣判,判决;
sentimental [.sent4'ment4l] a.多愁善感的,感伤的;
separate ['sep4.reit] a.(from)分离的,分开的;
September [sep'temb4] n.九月;
sequence ['si:kw4ns] n.先后,次序;连续,数列; in sequence依次,逐一;
series ['si:ri:z] n.一系列,连续;丛书; a series of一系列,一连串;
serious ['siri4s] a.严肃的;主要的;严重的,危急的;认真的;
seriously ['siri4sli] ad.严肃地,认真地;
servant ['s4:v4nt] n.仆人;
serve [s4:v] v.服务,尽责;招待,侍候;符合,适用; serve as作为,用作; serve sb.right活该;给某人应得的待遇;
service ['s4:vis] n.服务,帮助;公共设施,公用事业;维修保养;行政部; 门,服务机构; v.维修,保养;
session ['se54n] n.会议,一届会议;
set [set] n.(一)套,(一)副,(一)批;机组,接收机; v.放,安置;树立,创造;调正,校正;落山,下沉; a.不变的,固定的,规定的; set about开始,着手; set aside挑出,拨出,留出;拒绝; set back推迟,延缓,阻碍; set down卸下,放下;记下,记入; set forth阐明,陈述; set off出发,动身,引起,使发生; set out陈列,显示;动身,起程;制定; set out to打算,着手; set up创立,建立,树立;资助,扶持;
setting ['seti6] n.安置,安装;落山;(固定东西的)柜架底座;环境,背; 景;
settle ['set4l] v.安定,安顿;停息;定居;解决,调停; settle down定居,过安定的生活;
settlement ['set4lm4nt] n.解决,决定,调停;居留区,住宅区;
seven ['sev4n] num.七,七个;
several ['sev4r4l] a.几个,若干,数个;
severe [s4'vi4] a.严厉的,严格的;剧烈的,严重的,严峻的,艰难的;
sew [s4u] v.缝,缝纫;
sex [seks] n.性别,性;
shade [5eid] n.荫,阴影;遮光物,罩; v.遮蔽,遮光;
shadow ['51d4u] n.阴影,影子,荫;暗处,阴暗;
shady ['5eidi] a.成荫的,多荫的;可疑的,靠不住的;
shaft [52:ft] n.轴;杆状物;
shake [5eik] n./v.摇动,摇;颤抖,震动;
shall [51l] aux.v.将要,将;必须,应该;就,该;
shallow ['51l4u] a.浅的,浅薄的; n.浅滩,浅处;
shame [5eim] n.羞耻,羞愧,耻辱;可耻的人(或事物); v.使羞愧,玷辱;
shameful ['5eimf4l] a.可耻的,不道德的;
shampoo [51m'pu:] n.洗发膏,香波;洗发,洗头; v.洗发,洗头;
shape [5eip] n.形状,外形;情况,状态;种类; v.成型,塑造; in shape处于良好状态; take shape成形;
share [5A4] v.(with)分配,均分,共用;分享,分担; n.一份,份额;股份;
shark [52:k,'52:k] n.鲨鱼;
sharp [52:p] a.锋利的,锐利的;轮廓分明的,鲜明的;急转的,突然; 的;刺耳的;敏锐的,机警的; ad.(指时刻)正,准;
shave [5eiv] v.剃,刮,刨,削; n.刮脸;
she [5i:] pron.她;
shear [5i4] v.剪,修剪;
shed [5ed] v.流出;发散,散发,脱落,脱去; n.棚,小屋;
sheep [5i:p] n.羊,绵羊;
sheer [5i4] a.纯粹的,十足的,全然的;陡峭的,险峻的;
sheet [5i:t] n.被单;(一)张,(一)片,薄片;大片;
shelf [5elf] n.架子,搁板;
shell [5el] n.壳,贝壳;炮弹;
shelter ['5elt4] n.掩蔽处,躲避处;掩蔽,保护; v.掩蔽,躲避,庇护;
shepherd ['5ep4d] n.牧民,牧羊人;
shield [5i:ld,'5i:ld] n.防护物,护罩;盾,盾状物; v.保护,防护;
shift [5ift] v.替换,转移;移动; n.转换,转变;(轮)班,(换)班;
shilling ['5ili6] n.先令;
shine [5ain] v.照耀,发光;擦亮; n.光泽,光;
ship [5ip] n.船,舰,船舶; v.用船运,装运;
shipment ['5ipm4nt] n.装船,装运;装载的货物,装货量;
shipwreck ['5ip.rek] n.船舶失事,海难;
shirt [54:t] n.衬衫;
shiver ['5iv4] v./n.战栗,发抖;
shock [53k] n.震动,冲击;电击,触电;震惊;休克; v.(使)震动,(使)震惊;(使)休克;
shoe [5u:] n.鞋;
shoot [5u:t] v.发射,射击;掠过,疾驰而过;发芽; n.嫩枝,苗,射击,发射;
shop [53p] n.商店,店铺;工厂,车间; v.买东西,购货;
shopkeeper ['53p.ki:p4] n.店主;
shopping ['53pi6] n.买东西,购货;
shore [54ur] n.海滨,湖滨;
short [53:t] a.短的,矮的;(of)缺乏,不足; n.[pl.]短裤; cut short中断,简化; run short用完,耗尽; for short简称,缩写; in short简言之,总之;
shortage ['53:tid9] n.不足,缺少;
shortcoming ['53:t.k8mi6] n.短处,缺点;
shortcut ['53:t.k8t] n.捷径;
shorthand ['53:t.h1nd] n.速记;
shortly ['53:tli] ad.立刻,不久;简略地,简言之;
shot [53t] n.开枪,射击;投篮;弹丸,炮弹,子弹;
should [5ud] aux.v.shall的过去式;[表示义务,责任]应当,应; 该;[表示假设]万一,竟然;[表示说话者意愿]就,该;[表; 示可能,推测]可能;
shoulder ['54uld4] n.肩,肩部; v.肩负,承担;
shout [5aut] v./n.呼喊,呼叫;
show [54u] v.呈现,显示;表明,证明; n.展览,展览会;演出; show in领入; show off炫耀,卖弄; show up使呈现,使醒目;出席,到场;
shower ['5au4] n.阵雨,暴雨;沐浴;(一)阵,(一)大批; v.下阵雨,倾注;
shrewd [5ru:d] a.机灵的,敏锐的;精明的;
shriek [5ri:k] v./n.尖叫,叫喊;
shrink [5ri6k] v.起皱,收缩;退缩,畏缩;
shut [58t] v.关,关闭; shut out排除;
shutter ['58t4] n.百叶窗;(照相机)快门;
shy [5ai] a.(of)怕羞的,腼腆的;胆怯的;
sick [sik] a.有病的,患病的;恶心的,想吐的; sick of厌烦;
side [said] n.侧面,旁边;坡,岸;一边,一方; v.(with)同意,站在...一边; on the side作为兼职,额外; side by side肩并肩,一个挨一个; side walk人行道;
sideways ['said.weiz] ad./a.向旁边(的),侧身,横着(的),斜着(的);
sigh [sai] n.叹息,叹息声; v.叹息,叹气;
sight [sait] n.视力,视觉;望见,瞥见;视域;眼界;情景,奇观; at first sight乍一看,初看起来; in sight被见到,在望; catch sight of发现,突然看见; out of sight看不见,在视野之外;
sightseeing ['sait.si:i6] n.观光,游览;
sign [sain] n.标记,符号,招牌;征兆,迹象; v.签名(于),署名(于);
signal ['sign4l] n.信号,暗号; v.发信号,用信号通知;
signature ['sign4t54] n.签名,署名,签字;
significance [sig'nif4k4ns,sig'nifik4ns] n.意义,含义;重要性,重要的;
significant [sig'nif4k4nt,sig'nifik4nt] a.有意义的;重大的,重要的;
signify ['sign4.fai] v.表示,意味;要紧,有重要性;
silence ['sail4ns] n.寂静,沉默; v.使沉默,使安静;
silent ['sail4nt] a.寂静,沉默的;
silicon ['silik4n] n.硅;
silk [silk] n.丝,绸;
silly ['sili] a.傻的,糊涂的,愚蠢的;
silver ['silv4] n.银;银器;银币; v.镀银;
similar ['sim4l4] a.(to)相似的,类似的;
similarity [.sim4'l1r4ti] n.相似,类似;
simple ['simp4l] a.简单的;朴素的;单纯的,直率的;迟钝的,头脑简单; 的;
simplicity [sim'plis4ti] n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯;
simplify ['simpl4.fai] v.简化,使单纯;
simply ['simpli] ad.简单地;完全,简直;仅仅,只不过;朴素地;
simulate ['simj4.leit] v.模仿,模拟;假装,冒充;
simultaneous [.saim4l'teini4s] a.同时的,同时存在的;
sin [sin] n.罪,罪恶; v.犯罪;
since [sins] prep.自从,从...以来; conj.从...以来,自从;因为,既然; ad.后来,自那以后; ever since从那时起,自那时以来;
sincere [sin'si4] a.诚挚的,真实的,诚恳的;
sincerity [sin'ser4ti] n.诚挚,真实;
sing [si6] v.唱,演唱;鸡叫;
single ['si6g4l] a.单人的;单一的,单个的;未婚的,独身的;
singular ['si6gj4l4] a.非凡的,卓越的;单数的;
sink [si6k] v.(使)下沉,下落; n.水槽,水池;
sir [s4:] n.先生,[Sir,用于姓名前](...)爵士;
siren ['sair4n] n.警报声,警报器;
sister ['sist4] n.姐,妹;
sit [sit] v.(使)坐,(使)就座; sit up迟睡,熬夜; sit for参加; sit in列席,旁听;
site [sait] n.位置,场所,地点; sitting-room; n.起居室;
situated ['sit5u.eitid] a.坐落在…的;
situation [.sit5u'ei54n] n.形势,局面,处境,状况;位置,场所;职位,职务;
six [siks] num.六,六个;
size [saiz] n.大小,尺寸,规模;尺码;
skate [skeit] v.溜冰,滑冰; n.冰鞋;
skeleton ['skel4t4n] n.骨骼;骨架,框架;梗概,提要;
sketch [sket5] n.素描,速写;略图,草图;梗概,大意; v.绘略图,速写,写生;
ski [ski:] n.雪橇; v.滑雪;
skill ['skil,skil] n.技能,技巧,手艺;熟练;
skilled [skild] a.(in)熟练的,有技能的;需要技能的;
skillful/skilful [] a.(in,at)灵巧的,娴熟的; 
skin [skin] n.皮,皮肤;兽皮,皮毛;外皮,外壳; v.剥皮;
skirt [sk4:t] n.裙子;边缘,郊区;
sky [skai] n.天,天空;
skyscraper ['skai.skreip4] n.摩天大楼;
slack [sl1k] a.懈怠的,懒散的,松驰的,不紧的;萧条的; n.淡季,萧条;[pl.]便裤,运动裤;
slap [sl1p] n./v.拍,掌击;
slave [sleiv] n.奴隶,苦工; v.做苦工,拼命地干;
slavery ['sleiv4ri] n.奴役;奴隶制;
sleep [sli:p] n./v.睡(眠);
sleeve [sli:v] n.袖子;
slender ['slend4] a.修长的,细长的,苗条的;微小的,微薄的;
slice [slais] n.薄片,切片;一份;部分切(片);
slide [slaid] v.(使)滑动,滑行; n.滑坡,滑道;滑,滑动;幻灯片;
slight [slait] a.轻微的,微小的;纤细的,瘦弱的;
slim [slim] a.苗条的;薄的;(机会)少的,小的; v.(用运动,节食等)减轻体重,变苗条;
slip [slip] v.滑,滑倒;滑落,滑掉;溜走; n.疏忽,小错,口误,笔误;
slipper ['slip4] n.便鞋,拖鞋;
slippery ['slip4ri] a.滑的,滑溜的;
slit [slit] v.切开,截开,纵割; n.细长裂缝,狭长切口;
slogan ['sl4ug4n] n.标语,口号;
slope [sl4up] n.斜坡,斜面;倾斜,斜度; v.(使)倾斜;
slow [sl4u] a.慢的,迟钝的,不活跃的; v.(down)(使)放慢,减速;
slum [sl8m] n.[pl.]贫民窟,贫民区,陋巷;
sly [slai] a.狡猾的,偷偷摸摸的; on the sly偷偷地,冷不防地;
small [sm3:l] a.小的,少的;
smart [sm2:t] a.漂亮的,潇洒的;聪明的;巧妙的,伶俐的; v.剧痛,刺疼;
smash [sm15] v./n.打碎,粉碎;
smell [smel] n.气味,臭味;嗅觉; v.嗅,闻到;散发(...的)气味,有(...的)气味;
smile [smail] v./n.微笑;
smog [sm3g] n.烟雾;
smoke [sm4uk] n.烟,烟尘;吸烟,抽烟; v.抽(烟);冒烟,冒气;
smooth [smu:0] a.光滑的,平滑的;平稳的;平静的;顺利的;流畅的;; 柔和的; v.(over)掩饰,调停,平息;
smuggle ['sm8g4l] v.走私;偷运;
snack [sn1k] n.快餐,小吃,点心;
snake [sneik] n.蛇;
snatch [sn1t5] n./v.攫取,抢夺;
snobbish ['sn3bi5] a.势利的;
snow [sn4u] n.雪; v.下雪;
snowstorm ['sn4u.st3:m] n.暴风雪;
so [s4u] conj.因而,所以;那么,这样看来; ad.[表示程度]如此,那么;非常,很;[表示方式]这样,; 那样; and so on/forth等待; ever so非常,极其; or so大约,左右; so..as to结果是;如此...以至于,如此...以使; so far迄今为止; so that以便,为的是; so...that如此...以至于;
soak [s4uk] v.浸泡,浸湿,浸透;
soap [s4up] n.肥皂;
sob [s3b] v./n.哭泣,呜咽;
sober ['s4ub4] a.清醒的;认真的,冷静的,适度的; so-called; a.所谓的,号称的;
soccer ['s3k4] n.足球;
social ['s4u54l] a.社会的;交际的;
socialism ['s4u54l.iz4m] n.社会主义;
society [s4'sai4ti] n.社会;社团,协会,社;社交界,上流社会;
sociology [.s4u5i'3l4d9i] n.社会学;
sock [s3k] n.[pl.]短袜;
soda ['s4ud4] n.苏打,汽水;
soft [s3ft] a.软的;温柔的;细嫩的,光滑的;不含酒精的;
software ['s3ft.wA4] n.软件;
soil [s3il] n.泥土,土地,土壤; v.弄脏,(使)变脏;
solar ['s4ul4] a.太阳的,日光的;
soldier ['s4uld94] n.士兵,军人;
sole [s4ul] a.单独的,唯一的; n.脚垫,鞋底;
solemn ['s3l4m] a.庄严的,隆重的;严肃的;
solid ['s3lid] a.固体的;实心的;结实的,稳固的,可靠的; n.固体;
solidify [s4'lid4.fai] v.凝固,(使)固化;团结;
soluble ['s3lj4b4l] a.可溶的;
solution [s4'lu:54n] n.解答,解决办法;溶解,溶液;
solve [s3lv] v.解决,解答;
some [s8m] a.一些,若干,有些,某一; pron.一些,若干; ad.大约,稍微;
somebody ['s8mb4di] pron.某人,有人;
somehow ['s8m.hau] ad.设法,以某种方式,不知怎么地;
someone ['s8m.w8n] pron.某人,有人;
something ['s8m7i6] pron.某事,某物;
sometime ['s8m.taim] ad.曾经,在某一时刻,有一天;
sometimes ['s8m.taimz] ad.不时,有时,间或;
somewhat ['s8m.w3t] ad./n.稍微,有点;
somewhere ['s8m.wA4] ad.在某处,到某处;
son [s8n] n.儿子;
song [s36] n.歌曲;歌声;
soon [su:n] ad.不久,即刻;早,快; as soon as一...就,刚...便; no sooner...than一...就,刚...便; sooner or later迟早,早晚;
sophisticated [s4'fisti.keitid] a.尖端的,复杂的,先进的;老练的,老于世故的;
sophomore ['s3f4m4ur] n.(大学)二年级学生;
sore [s3:r] a.疼痛的;痛心的; n.痛处,疮口;
sorrow ['s3r4u] n.悲衰,悲痛;
sorrowful ['s3r4uf4l] a.悲伤的,伤心的;
sorry ['s3ri] a.(for,about)遗憾的,对不起的;可怜的;
sort [s3:t] n.种类,类别; v.分类,整理;
soul [s4ul] n.灵魂,心灵;精神,精力;人;
sound [saund] n.声音,声响; v.发声,响;听起来; a.健全的,完好的;正当的,有根据的;彻底的,充分的;
soup [su:p] n.汤;
sour ['sau4] a.酸的;发酸的;酸痛的;脾气坏的;刻薄的;
source [s3rs] n.源,源泉;来源,出处;
south [sau7] n.南,南方,南部; a.南方的,南部的;
southeast [.sau7'i:st] n./a.东南(的),东南部(的);
southern ['s804n] a.南方的,南部的;
southwards ['sau7w4dz] ad.(also southwards)向南; a.向南的;
southwest [.sau7'west] n./a.西南(的),西南部(的);
Soviet ['s4uvi.et,'s4uviit] a.苏联的,苏维埃的; n.苏维埃; the Soviet Union苏联;
sow [s4u,sau] v.播种;
space [speis] n.间隔,距离;空地,余地;空间,太空; v.留间隔,隔开;
spacecraft ['speis.kr2:ft] n.宇宙飞船;
spaceship ['speis.5ip] n.宇宙飞船;
spade [speid] n.铁锹,铲子;
span [sp1n] n.跨度,跨距;
Spanish ['sp1ni5] a.西班牙(人)的,西班牙语的; n.西班牙语;
spare [spA4] a.多余的,剩下的,备用的; v.节约,节省;让给,抽出(时间);
spark [sp2:k] n.火花,火星; v.发火花,发电花;
sparkle ['sp2:k4l] v.发火花,闪耀;
sparrow ['sp1r4u] n.麻雀;
speak [spi:k] v.说,说话;表示意见;演说,发言;
speaker ['spi:k4] n.说话人,演讲人,扬声器;
spear [spi4] n.矛,枪;
special ['spe54l] a.特殊的,专门的;附加的,额外的;
specialist ['spe54list] n.专家;
specialize/specialise [] v.(in)专攻,专门研究,专业化; 
specialty/speciality [] n.特性,特质;专业,专长; 
species ['spi:5i:z] n.(物)种,种类;
specific [spi'sifik] a.明确的,具体的;特定的,特有的;
specification [.spes4f4'kei54n] n.详述;[常pl.]规格,说明书,规范;
specify ['spes4.fai] v.指定,详细说明;
specimen ['spes4m4n] n.标本,样本;
spectacle ['spekt4k4l] n.[pl.]眼镜;场面,景象;奇观,壮观;
spectacular [spek't1kj4l4] a.壮观的,引人注目的; n.壮观的演出;
spectator [spek'teit4] n.观众,旁观者;
speculate ['spekj4.leit] v.(about,on)推测,推断;投机;
speech [spi:t5] n.演说,讲话;言语,语言;
speed [spi:d] n.速度,迅速,快; v.迅速,前进,急行;加速,催,使加速; speed up使加速;
spell [spel] v.拼写;
spelling ['speli6] n.拼法,拼写法;
spend [spend] v.花费;消耗,用尽;度过,消磨;
sphere [sfi4] n.球,球体;范围,领域;
spider ['spaid4] n.蜘蛛;
spill [spil] v.溢出,溅出; n.摔下,跌下;
spin [spin] v.旋转;纺纱;织网,吐丝; n.旋转;自转;
spirit ['spirit] n.精神;气概,志气;[pl.]情绪,心情;[pl.]酒精,烈; 酒;
spiritual ['spirit5u4l] a.精神(上)的,心灵的;
spit [spit] v.吐(唾沫),吐痰; n.唾液;
spite [spait] n.恶意;怨恨; in spite of不管,不顾,尽管,虽然;
splash [spl15] v.溅,泼; n.溅,飞溅声;
splendid ['splendid] a.壮丽的,辉煌的;极好的;
split [split] v.裂开,劈开;分裂,分离; n.分化,分裂,裂口;
spoil [sp3il] v.损坏,搞错;宠坏,溺爱;
spokesman ['sp4uksm4n] n.发言人;
sponge [sp8nd9] n.海绵;
sponsor ['sp3ns4] n.发起人,主力者,保证人; v.发起,主办;
spontaneous [sp3n'teini4s] a.自发的,自然产生的;
spoon [spu:n] n.匙,调羹;
sport [sp4urt] n.运动;[pl.]运动会;
sportsman ['sp4urtsm4n] n.运动员;
spot [sp3t] n.斑点,污点;地点,场所; v.认出,认清,发现;玷污,弄脏;用点作记号; on the spot当场,在现场;
spray [sprei] n.喷雾,飞沫,浪花,水花; v.喷,喷射;
spread [spred] v./n.伸开,伸展;散布,传播;
spring [spri6] n.春,春天;跳,跃;泉,源泉;弹簧,发条; v.跳,跳跃;
sprinkle ['spri6k4l] n.洒,喷,淋;
spout [spaut] v.抽条,发芽; n.牙,幼苗;
spur [sp4:] n.靴刺,马刺;刺激,刺激物; v.刺激,激励;
spy [spai] n.间谍; v.当间谍,刺探;察觉,发现;
square [skwA4] n.正方形;广场; a.正方形的;平方的; v.使成方形;求平方;求...的面积;
squeeze [skwi:z] v.压榨,挤; n.榨取,勒索;
squirrel ['skw4:4l] n.松鼠;
stab [st1b] v./n.刺,戳;
stability [st4'bil4ti] n.稳定,安定;
stable ['steib4l] a.稳定的,安定的; n.马厩,马棚;
stack [st1k] n.堆,一堆; v.堆积,堆起;
stadium ['steidi4m] n.体育场;
staff [st2:f] n.全体职工,全体人员;杠,棒;参谋部; v.配备工作人员;
stage [steid9] n.舞台,戏剧;阶段,时期; (go) on the stage当演员;
stain [stein] n.污点,瑕疵; v.沾污;染色;
stainless ['steinlis] a.不锈的;
stair [stA4] n.[pl.]楼梯;
staircase/stairway [] n.楼梯; 
stake [steik] n.桩,标桩;赌注,利害关系; at stake在危险中,利害攸关;
stale [steil] n.变质的,不新鲜的;陈旧的,陈腐的;
stall [st3:l] n.货摊;畜栏,厩; v.(使)停转,(使)停止;
stamp [st1mp] n.邮票,印花;印,图章;跺脚,顿足;标志,印记; v.跺脚,顿足;盖章,盖印;
stand [st1nd] v.站,站立;坐落,位于;坚持,维持原状;经受,忍受; n.台,座; stand by支持,帮助,站在一边;袖手旁观; stand for代替,代表,意味着; stand out突出,显眼; stand up站起来,耐用; stand up for为...辩护,维护; stand up to勇敢地面对,坚持抵抗,经得起;
standard ['st1nd4d] n.标准,规则; a.标准的;
standardize ['st1nd4d.aiz] v.使符合标准,使标准化;
standpoint ['st1nd.p3int] n.立场,观点;
star [st2:] n.星,恒星;明星,名角;
stare [stA4] v.(at)盯,凝视;
start [st2:t] v.开始,着手;动身,出发;吃惊,惊起;开办,开动; n.开端,起点;惊起,吃惊;
startle ['st2:t4l] v.惊吓,使吃惊;
starve [st2:v] v.(使)饿死,饿得慌,挨饿;
state [steit] n.状态,情况;国,州; v.陈述,说明;
statement ['steitm4nt] n.声明,陈述;
statesman ['steitsm4n] n.政治家,国务活动家; static(al); a.静态的,静力的;
station ['stei54n] n.车站;所,站,局;身份,地位; v.安置,驻扎;
stationary ['stei54n.eri] a.静止的,固定的;
stationery ['stei54n.eri] n.文具;
statistical [st4'tistik4l] a.统计的,统计学的;
statistics [st4'tistiks] n.统计(学);
statue ['st1t5u] n.塑像,雕像;
status ['st1t4s] n.地位,身份;情形,状况;
stay [stei] v.停留,暂住;保持下去,能持续;停止,站住; n.逗留,停留;
steady ['stedi] a.稳定的,不变的;坚定的,扎实的; v.(使)稳固,(使)稳定;
steal [sti:l] v.偷,窃取;偷偷地做,巧取;
steam [sti:m] n.水汽,蒸汽,水蒸气; v.蒸发;蒸;用蒸汽开动;
steamer ['sti:m4] n.汽船,轮船;
steel [sti:l] n.钢;
steep [sti:p] a.陡峭的,险峻的;
steer [sti4] v.驾驶,掌舵;
stem [stem] n.茎,干;词干;
step [step] n.步,脚步;台阶,梯级;步骤,措施; v.踏,走,举步; in step同步,合拍; step by step逐步; step up提高,加快,加紧; out of step步调不一致,不协调; step in插入,介入;
stereo ['steri4u] n./a.立体声(的);
stern [st4:n] a.严厉的,苛刻的;坚决的,坚定的; n.船尾,舟尾;
steward ['stju:w4d] n.乘务员;
stick [stik] n.棍,棒,手杖; v.刺,戳,扎;粘贴; sick out伸出,突出;坚持到底;继续; sick to坚持;忠于;信守;
sticky ['stiki] a.粘的,粘性的;
stiff [stif] a.硬的,僵直的;拘谨的;呆板的;艰难的,费劲的;
still [stil] ad.还,仍旧;更,还要;静,静止地; a.静止的,寂静的; n.寂静;
stimulate ['stimj4.leit] v.刺激,使兴奋;激励,鼓舞;
sting [sti6] v./n.刺,刺痛,剧痛;刺,叮;
stir [st4:] v.搅拌,搅动;动,摇动;激动;轰动;煽动,鼓动;
stitch [stit5] n.一针,针脚; v.缝,缝合;
stock [st3k] n.备料,库存,现货;股票,公债; v.储存; in stock现有,备有;
stocking ['st3ki6] n.长(统)袜;
stomach ['st8m4k] n.胃,胃口;
stone [st4un] n.石,石头;宝石;果核;
stony ['st4uni] a.石头的,多石的;冷酷的,无情的;
stool [stu:l] n.凳子;
stoop [stu:p] v.弯腰,俯身; n.弯腰,曲背;
stop [st3p] v.停止,中止;塞住,堵塞;阻止,阻挠;逗留,歇宿; n.停车站;停止,中止;
storage ['st4urid9,'st3rid9] n.贮藏(量),保管;库房;
store [st4ur,st3:] n.商店,店铺;贮藏,贮备品; v.贮藏,贮备;
storey/story [] n.楼,层; 
storm [st3:m] n.暴风暴,暴风雪;激动,爆发; v.猛攻,直捣;
story ['st4uri] n.故事,传说,小说;(=storey)楼层;
stove [st4uv] n.炉子,火炉;
straight [streit] a.直的,笔直的;整齐的,端正的;正直的; ad.直接;正直,直率;
straightforward [.streit'f3:w4d] a.正直的,坦率的;简单的,易懂的; ad.(also straightforwards)坦率地;
strain [strein] n.过多的疲劳,紧张;张力,应变; v.扭伤,拉伤;拉紧,扯紧;紧张,尽力;
strange [streind9] a.奇怪的,奇异的;陌生的,生疏的;外地的,异乡的;
stranger ['streind94] n.陌生人,生客;外地人,外国人;
strap [str1p] n.带,皮带; v.捆扎;
strategy ['str1t4d9i] n.战略,策略;
straw [str3:] n.稻草,麦杆;吸管;
strawberry ['str3:beri] n.草莓;
stream [stri:m] n.小河,溪流;流,一股,一串; v.流出,涌;
streamline ['stri:m.lain] a.流线型的;
street [stri:t] n.街道,马路;
strength [stre67] n.实力,力量;
strengthen ['stre674n] v.加强,巩固;
stress [stres] n.压力,应力;重音; v.强调,着重;
stretch [stret5] v.拉长,伸,延; n.一段时间,一段路程;拉长,延伸;
strict [strikt] a.(with)严格的,严厉的;严谨的,精确的;
stride [straid] v.大步走(过),迈进,跨过; n.迈步,阔步;
strike [straik] v.冲,撞;罢工;(使)产生印象,打动;极点;发现,找到; n.罢工;
striking ['straiki6] a.显著的,惊人的;
string [stri6] n.弦,线,细绳;(一串),(一行); v.缚,捆;
strip [strip] v.剥,剥去; n.窄条,条纹;
stripe [straip] n.条纹;
strive [straiv] v.奋斗,努力;
stroke [str4uk] n.击,敲;报时的钟声;一击,一划,一笔;一次努力;中; 风;抚摸; v.抚摸;
strong [str36] a.强壮的,强大的;强烈的,浓的;
structural ['str8kt54r4l] a.结构的,构造的;
structure ['str8kt54] n.结构,构造;建筑物; v.构造,建造;
struggle ['str8g4l] n./v.斗争,奋斗,努力;
stubborn ['st8b4n] a.顽固的,倔强的;难对付的,难以克服的;
student ['stju:d4nt,'stju:dnt] n.学生,学者,大学生;
studio ['stju:di.4u] n.画室;播音室;(电影)制片厂;
study ['st8di] v.学习,研究;细察,仔细端详; n.学习,书房;
stuff [st8f] n.原料,材料,东西; v.填满,塞满;
stuffy ['st8fi] a.不透气的,闷热的;
stumble ['st8mb4l] v./n.跌,绊;
stupid ['stju:pid] a.愚蠢的,迟钝的;
sturdy ['st4:di] a.强健的,结实的;
style [stail] n.风格,文体;式样,时式,类型;
subdivide [s8bdi'vaid] v.再分,细分;
subject ['s8bd9ikt,s4b'd9ekt] n.主题,题目;学科,科目;主语; a.(to)易遭...的,受...支配的; v.(to)使遭到,使服从;
submarine ['s8bm4.ri:n] n.潜水艇; a.水底的,海底的;
submerge [s4b'm4:d9] v.沉没,淹没;潜入;
submit [s4b'mit] v.(to)使服从,屈服;(to)呈送,提交;
subordinate [s4'b3:dn.eit,s4'b3:dnit] a.(to)次要的,从属的;下级的;
subscribe [s4b'skraib] v.订购,订阅;
subsequent ['s8bsi.kwent] a.随后的,后来的;
substance ['s8bst4ns] n.物质,实质;大意;财产,财物;
substantial [s4b'st1n54l] a.实质的,真实的;坚固的,结实的;富裕的;
substitute ['s8bst4.tju:t] n.代用品,代替品; v.(for)代替,替换;
subtle ['s8t4l] a.精巧的,巧妙的;细微的,微妙的;
subtract [s4b'tr1kt] v.减(去);
suburb ['s8b4:b] n.市郊,郊区;
subway ['s8b.wei] n.地下铁道;
succeed [s4k'si:d] v.(in)成功;继承,接替;
success [s4k'ses] n.成功,成就;
successful [s4k'sesf4l] a.成功的;
succession [s4k'se54n] n.连续,系列;继任,继承; in succession连续地;
successive [s4k'sesiv] a.接连的,连续的;
successor [s4k'ses4] n.继承人;
such [s8t5] a.这样的,这种的;上述的,该; ad.那么; pron.这样的人,这样的事物; such as像...那样,诸如,例如; such...that那样的...以致;
suck [s8k] v.吸,吮;
sudden ['s8d4n,'s8dn] a.突然的,意外的; all of a sudden突然;
sue [su:] v.控告,对...提出诉讼,起诉;
suffer ['s8f4] v.(from)受痛苦,患病;受损失;遭受;忍受,忍耐;
sufficient [s4'fi54nt] a.(for)足够的,充分的;
sugar ['5ug4] n.糖;
suggest [s4'd9est,s4g'd9est] v.建议,提出;使想起来,暗示;
suggestion [s4'd9est54n,s4g'd9est54n] n.建议,意见;暗示;
suicide ['su:4.said] n.自杀;自取灭亡;
suit [su:t] v.合适,适合;相配,适应; n.一套西服;诉讼;
suitable ['su:t4b4l] a.(for)合适的,适宜的;
sulfur/sulphur [] n.硫; 
sum [s8m] n.总数,和;金额;算术题; v.合计,总计; in sum总而言之; sum up总结,概括;
summarize/summarise [] v.概括,总结; 
summary ['s8m4ri] n.摘要,概要; a.概括的,简略的;
summer ['s8m4] n.夏天,夏季;
summon ['s8m4n] v.召唤;召集;传讯,传唤;使出,鼓起(勇气),振作(精; 神); summon up鼓起(勇气),奋起;唤起;
sun [s8n] n.太阳,日;
Sunday ['s8ndei] n.星期日;
sunrise ['s8n.raiz] n.日出;
sunset ['s8n.set] n.日落;
sunshine ['s8n.5ain] n.日光,日照;
super ['su:p4] a.极好的,超级的;
superb [su'p4:b] a.极好的,高质量的;
superficial ['su:p4'fi54l] a.表面的;肤浅的,浅薄的;
superfluous [su'p4:flu4s] a.过剩的,多余的;
superior [s4'piri4] a.优良的,卓越的;(to)较...多的,优于...; n.上级,长官;
superiority [s4.piri'3r4ti] n.优越性,优势;
supermarket ['su:p4.m2:kit] n.超级市场;
supersonic [.su:p4's3nik] a.超音速的,超音的;
supervise ['su:p4vaiz] v.管理,监督;
supper ['s8p4] n.晚餐;
supplement ['s8pl4.ment,'s8pl4m4nt] n.补遗;增刊;附录; v.增刊,补充;
supply [s4'plai] v.(with,to)供给,供应,满足(需要),补足; n.供应,供应量;
support [s4'p4urt] v.支撑,支承;支持;拥护;供养,维持; n.支撑者,支撑物;支撑,支持;
suppose [s4'p4uz] v.料想,猜想;假定,以为;[用于祈使语句]让,没;
suppress [s4'pres] v.镇压,压制;抑制,忍住;查禁;
supreme [s4'pri:m] a.极度的,最重要的;至高的,最高的;
sure [5u4] a.(of)肯定的,确信的;可靠的,稳当的;一定的,必然; 的; make sure of/that查明,弄确实;确信;确定,务必;
surface ['s4:fis] n.表面,面,外表;
surgeon ['s4:d94n] n.外科医生;
surgery ['s4:d94ri] n.外科,外科学;手术室,诊疗室;
surname ['s4:.neim] n.姓;
surpass [s4'p2:s] v.超过,胜过;
surplus ['s4:pl4s] n.过剩,剩余; a.过剩的,剩余的;
surprise [s4'praiz] v.使诧异,使惊异;奇袭; n.诧异,惊异;奇袭;
surprising [s4'praizi6] a.使人惊奇的,惊人的;
surrender [s4'rend4] v.投降,交出,放弃;
surround [s4'raund] v.包围,环绕;
surroundings [s4'raundi6z] n.周围的事物,环境;
survey [s4'vei] v./n.俯瞰,眺望;全面审视,调查;测量图,勘定;
survival [s4'vaiv4l] n.幸存,生存;幸存者,残存物;
survive [s4'vaiv] v.幸免于,幸存;比...长命;
suspect ['s4spekt,s4'spekt] v.疑心,怀疑; n.嫌疑犯,可疑分子;
suspend [s4'spend] v.吊,悬挂;推迟,暂停;
suspicion [s4'spi54n] n.猜疑,怀疑;
suspicious [s4'spi54s] a.(of)可疑的,多疑的,疑心的;
sustain [s4'stein] v.支撑,撑住;维持,持续,经受,忍耐;
swallow ['sw3l4u] v./n.吞,咽; n.燕子;
swamp [sw3mp] n.沼泽,沼地;
swan [sw3n] n.天鹅;
swarm [sw3:m] n.群,蜂群; v.云集,充满;
sway [swei] v.摇摆,摇动;
swear [swA4] v.(at)诅咒,骂人;宣誓,发誓;
sweat [swet] n.汗; v.(使)出汗;
sweater ['swet4] n.毛衣,绒衣,厚运动衫;
sweep [swi:p] v.扫,打扫;席卷,冲光;扫过,掠过;
sweet [swi:t] a.甜的;可爱的,美好的;芳香的; n.[常pl.]糖果;甜食;
swell [swel] v.(使)膨胀,增大,隆起;
swift [swift] a.快速的,敏捷的;
swim [swim] v.游泳;眩晕;浸,泡; n.游泳;
swing [swi6] v.摇摆,摇荡,回转,旋转; n.秋千;摇摆,摆动;
Swiss [swis] a.瑞士的; n.瑞士人;
switch [swit5] n.开关,电闸;转换;枝条,鞭子; v.转换;(off)判断;(on)接通;
sword [s4urd] n.剑,刀;
symbol ['simb4l] n.符号,标志;象征;
symmetry ['simitri] n.对称(性);匀称,整齐;
sympathetic [.simp4'7etik] a.同情的,共鸣的;
sympathize/sympathise [] v.(with)同情,怜悯;共鸣,同感; 
sympathy ['simp47i] n.同情,同情心,赞同;
symphony ['simf4ni] n.交响乐,交响曲;(色彩等的)和谐,协调;
symposium [sim'p4uzi4m] n.讨论会,专题报告会;专题论文集;
symptom ['simpt4m] n.症状;征候,征兆;
synchronize/synchronise [] v.使同步; 
syndrome ['sin.dr4um] v.综合症;
synthesis ['sin74sis] n.综合,合成;
synthetic [sin'7etik] a.合成的,人造的;综合的;
system ['sist4m] n.系统,体系;制度,体制;
systematic [.sist4'm1tik] a.系统的,有组织的;
table ['teib4l] n.桌子,台子;目录,表格;
tablet ['t1blit] n.药片;碑,匾;
taboo [t4'bu:] n./v.禁忌;
tackle ['t1k4l] n.滑车;用具,器械; v.处理,解决,对付;
tactics ['t1ktiks] n.策略,战术;
tag [t1g] n.标签,货签;
tail [teil] n.尾巴;后部,尾部;
tailor ['teil4] n.裁缝; v.缝制,剪裁;
take [teik] v.拿取;携带;吃,服用;记录;拍摄;取得,接受;需要,; 花费;捕获;抓住;认为,当作;做(一次动作); take...as把...作为; take after与...想像; take apart拆卸; take away消除,消耗; take down记下,写下; take...for把...认为是,把...看成是; take in接受,吸收;了解,理解;欺骗; take off拿起;脱下;起飞; take on呈现,具有,装出;接纳,承担,从事; take over接管,接办; take up占去,占据;开始从事;拿起,接收; take to喜欢,亲近;
tale [teil] n.故事,传说;
talent ['t1l4nt] n.才能,天资;人才;
talk [t3:k] v.说话,讲;(over)讨论,议论; n.谈话,会谈;演讲,讲话; talk back回嘴,顶嘴; talk into说服;
talkative ['t3:k4tiv] a.话多的,健谈的;
tall [t3:l] a.高的,身材高的;
tame [teim] a.驯服的,温顺的;沉闷的,乏味的; v.驯服,制服;
tan [t1n] n.黝黑; a.棕褐色的; v.晒黑;
tank [t16k] n.罐,槽,箱;坦克;
tanker ['t16k4] n.油船;
tap [t1p] n.塞子,龙头;轻叩,轻拍; v.轻叩,轻敲;利用,开发;
tape [teip] n.带(子);录音带,磁带; v.录音;系,捆; tape recorder磁带录音机;
tar [t2:] n.柏油,焦油;
target ['t2:git] n.目标,对象,靶子;
tariff ['t1rif] n.关税,税率;(旅馆,饭店等)价目表,收费表;
task [t2:sk] n.任务,作业,工作;
taste [teist] v.品尝,辨味;(of)有...味道;体验,感到; n.滋味;味觉;(趣)味,鉴赏力;
tax [t1ks] n.税(款),负担; v.对...征税,使负重担;
taxi ['t1ksi] n.出租汽车;
tea [ti:] n.茶(叶);茶点;
teach [ti:t5] v.教,教授,教训;
teacher ['ti:t54] n.教师;
teaching ['ti:t5i6] n.教学;[pl.]教导,学说;
team [ti:m] n.小队,小组; v.协同工作;
tear [tA4,ti4] v.撕; n.眼泪; in tears流着泪,含泪,哭;
tease [ti:z] v.戏弄,取笑;挑逗,撩拨; n.(爱)戏弄他人者;戏弄,挑逗;
technical ['teknik4l] a.技术的,工艺的;
technician [tek'ni54n] n.技术员,技师,技工;
technique [tek'ni:k] n.技术,技能;工艺;
technological [tekn4'l3d9ik4l] a.工艺的;
technology [tek'n3l4d9i] n.工艺,技术;
tedious ['ti:di4s] a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的;
teenager ['ti:n.eid94] n.(13-19岁的)少年;
telegram ['tel4.gr1m] n.电报;
telegraph ['tel4'gr2:f] n.电报机,电报; v.打电报,发电报;
telephone ['tel4.f4un] n.电话,电话机; v.打电话;
telescope ['tel4.sk4up] n.望远镜;
television/TV [] n.电视(机); 
tell [tel] v.(from)辨别,区别;告诉,讲述;吩咐,命令;泄露,吐; 露;
temper ['temp4] n.脾气,情绪;韧度,回火度; lose one’s temper发怒,发脾气;
temperature ['tempr4t54] n.温度;发烧;
temple ['temp4l] n.庙宇,神殿,寺;太阳穴;
tempo ['temp4u] n.节奏,行进速度;(音乐的)速度;
temporary ['temp4.reri] a.暂时的,临时的;
tempt [tempt] v.诱惑,引诱;吸引,使感兴趣;
temptation [temp'tei54n] n.诱惑,引诱;
ten [ten] num.十,十个;
tenant ['ten4nt] n.承租人;房客;佃户;
tend [tend] v.趋向,往往是;照料,看护;
tendency ['tend4nsi] n.趋向,趋势;
tender ['tend4] a.嫩的;脆弱的;敏感的;温柔的,温厚的; v.提出,提供;投标;
tennis ['tenis] n.网球;
tense [tens] n.时态; a.拉紧的,紧张的;
tension ['ten54n] n.张力,拉力;紧张;
tent [tent] n.帐篷;
tentative ['tent4tiv] a.试探(性)的,试验(性)的;
term [t4:m] n.学期;期限,期间;[pl.]条件,条款;术语; in terms of依据,按照;用...措词;
terminal ['t4:m4n4l] n.终点站;终端,接线端;计算机终端;
terminate ['t4:m4.neit] v.停止,结束;
terrible ['ter4b4l] a.很糟的,极坏的;可怕的,骇人的;极度的,厉害的;
terrific [t4'rifik] a.极好的,非常的,极度的;
terrify ['ter4.fai] v.使害怕,使惊恐;
territory ['ter4.t4uri] n.领土;版图;领域,范围;
terror ['ter4] n.恐怖;可怕的人(事);
terrorist ['ter4rist] n.恐怖主义者;
test [test] v./n.测试,试验,检验;
testify ['test4.fai] v.(to)说明,证实;
testimony ['test4.m4uni] n.证据,证词;表明,说明;
text [tekst] n.课文;原文,正文;
textbook ['tekst.buk] n.课本,教科书;
textile ['tekstail] n.纺织品; a.纺织的;
than [01n] conj.比;
thank [716k] v./n.感谢; thanks to由于,幸亏;
Thanksgiving [.716ks'givi6] n.感恩节;
that [01t] a./pron.那,那个; conj.[引导从句]; ad.那样,那么; so that为的是,使得; that is(=i.e.)就是说,即;
the [04,0i:] art.这,那;
theater/theatre [] n.戏院;戏剧;阶梯教室; 
theft [7eft] n.偷窃,失窃;
their [0A4] pron.[they的所有格]他(她,它)们的;
theirs [0A4z] pron.[theyr的物主代词]他(她,它)们的(东西);
them [04m,0em] pron.[they的宾格]他(她,它)们;
theme [7i:m] n.题目,主题;
themselves [04m'selvz] pron.他(她,它)们自己;他(她,它)们亲自;
then [0en] ad.当时,在那时;那么,因而;然后,于是;另外; and then而且,其次,于是,然后;
theoretical [.7i:4'retik4l] a.理论(上)的;
theory ['7i:4ri] n.理论,原理;学说,见解,看法;
therapy ['7er4pi] n.治疗,理疗;
there [0A4] ad.在那里,往那里;在这方面,在这点上;[用以引起; 注意];[与be连用,表示”有”];[放在句首用以加强语气];
thereafter [0A4'1ft4] ad.此后,以后;
thereby [0A4'bai] ad.因此,从而;
therefore ['0A4.f4ur] ad.因此,从而; conj.因此;
thereof ['0A4'3v] ad.由此,因此;
thermal ['74:m4l] a.热的,由热造成的;保暖的;
thermometer [74'm3m4t4] n.温度计;
these [0i:z] pron./a.[this的复数]这些;这些人(东西);
thesis ['7i:sis] n.论文;论题;论点;
they [0ei] pron.他(她,它)们;
thick [7ik] a.厚的,粗的,稠的,浓的; ad.厚,浓,密;
thief [7i:f] n.小偷,贼;
thin [7in] a.薄的,细的;稀薄的,淡的;瘦的; v.变薄,变细;变稀;
thing [7i6] n.东西,物;事(件);[pl.]所有物,用品;[pl.]事态,; 情况; for one thing首先,一则;
think [7i6k] v.想,思索;认为,以为;考虑,打算; think of想起,想到;想一想; think of...as把...看作是,以为...是; think over仔细考虑; think better of改变主意,重新考虑;
third [74:d] num.第三,三分之一;
thirdly ['74:dli] ad.第三;
thirst [74:st] n.渴,口渴;(for)渴望,热望;
thirsty ['74:sti] a.口渴的;(for)渴望的,热望的;
thirteen ['74:ti:n] num.十三,十三个;
thirty ['74:ti] num.三十,三十个;
this [0is] pron.这,这个; a.这,这个;今,本;
thorn [73:n] n.刺,荆棘;
thorough ['74:4u] a.彻底的,完全的;精心的;
those [04uz] pron./a.[that的复数]那些;那些人(东西);
though [04u] conj.虽然,尽管; ad.可是,然而; as though好像;
thought [73:t] n.思想;思维;想法,观念; on second thoughs经重新考虑,一转念;
thoughtful ['73:tf4l] a.认真思考的,沉思的;体贴的,关心的;
thoughtless ['73:tlis] a.欠考虑的,轻率的;不体贴人的;
thousand ['7auz4nd] num./a.一千,一千个; thousands of许多,无数;
thread [7red] n.线,细丝;线索,思路;螺纹; v.穿线,穿过;
threat [7ret] n.恐吓,威胁;坏兆头,危险迹象;
threaten ['7retn] v.恐吓,威胁;有...危险,快要来临;
three [7ri:] num./a.三,三个;
threshold ['7re5h4uld] n.门槛;入门,开端;
thrill [7ril] n.令人激动的事; v.使激动,使兴奋;使毛骨悚然;
thrive [7raiv] v.兴旺,繁荣;
throat [7r4ut] n.咽喉,嗓子;
throne [7r4un] n.王位,君权;
through [7ru:] prep.穿过,通过;从开始到结束;经由,以;因为,由于; ad.从头到尾,自始至终;直达地;彻底,完全;穿过; a.直达的,直通的;
throughout [7ru:'aut] prep.通及,贯穿; ad.到处,全部,始终;
throw [7r4u] v.扔,抛,投; throw away扔掉,抛弃;
thrust [7r8st] v.刺,戳,插入; n.推力;刺,戳,插入;
thumb [78m] n.拇指;
thunder ['78nd4] n.雷(声);轰隆声; v.打雷,雷鸣;大声说,吼叫;
Thursday ['74:zdei] n.星期四;
thus [08s] ad.因而,从而;这样,如此;
tick [tik] n.滴答声;勾号; v.滴答响;打勾号于;
ticket ['tikit] n.票,入场券;票签;(交通违章)罚款传票;
tide [taid] n.潮,潮汐;潮流,趋势;
tidy ['taidi] a.整洁的,整齐的; v.整理,收拾;
tie [tai] n.领带,领结;联系,关系,纽带;束缚,约束; v.扎,系,捆;
tiger ['taig4] n.老虎;
tight [tait] a.紧的;紧身的,装紧的;密封的,不透...的; ad.紧紧地;
tile [tail] n.瓦片,瓷砖;
till [til] prep./conj.直到…为止;
tilt [tilt] v./n.(使)倾斜,(使)倾侧; at full tilt全速地,全力地;
timber ['timb4] n.木材,木料;
time [taim] n.时候,时刻;时间,光阴;次,回;时机,机会;倍,; 乘;[pl.]时代; v.选择(记录,安排,测定)...的时间; ahead of time提前; all the time一直,始终; at a time每次,一次; at no time从不,决不; at one time同时,曾经,从前曾; at the same time但是,然而; at times有时; for the time being目前,暂时; from time to time有时,不时; in no time立即,马上; in time及时,适时地; on time准时; once upon a time从前; take one’s time不急不忙,从容进行;
timely ['taimli] a.及时的,适时的;
timetable ['taim.teib4l] n.时间表,时刻表;
timid ['timid] a.胆怯的,怯懦的;
tin [tin] n.罐头;锡;
tiny ['taini] a.极小的,微小的;
tip [tip] n.末端,尖端;小费; v.轻扣,轻击;倾斜,倾倒;给小费;
tire [tai4] v.(使)疲倦,(使)厌倦; n.(=tyre)轮胎,车胎;
tired [tai4d] a.疲劳的;厌倦的;
tiresome ['tai4s4m] a.使人厌倦的,讨厌的;
tissue ['ti5u] n.织物,薄绢,纸巾;(动,植物的)组织;
title ['tait4l] n.书名,标题;头衔,称号;
to [t4,tu:] prep.[表示方向]向,往;[表示终点,程度,范围]到; 达;[不定式符号];[用于间接宾格]给;[表示对比,比例,; 选择]比,对;直到...为止;在...之前;
toast [t4ust] n.烤面包,吐司;祝酒(词); v.烘,烤;(向...)祝酒;
tobacco [t4'b1k4u] n.烟草,烟叶;
today [t4'dei] ad./n.今天;现在,现今;
toe [t4u] n.脚趾,足尖;
together [t4'ge04] ad.共同,一起;合起来,集拢地;
toilet ['t3ilit] n.厕所,盥洗室;
token ['t4uk4n] n.表示;标志,象征;记号;信物;纪念品;礼券,代价券;; 筹码; a.象征性的; by the same token由于同样原因,同样地;
tolerance ['t3l4r4ns] n.容忍,耐性;公差;
tolerant ['t3l4r4nt] a.容忍的,宽容的;
tolerate ['t3l4.reit] v.容忍,默许;
tomato [t4'meit4u] n.西红柿;
tomb [tu:m] n.坟,冢;
tomorrow [t4'm3r4u] n.明天;未来; ad.明天;
ton [t8n] n.吨;[pl.]大量,许多;
tone [t4un] n.音调,音色;风气,气氛;腔调,语气;色调;
tongue [t86] n.舌;语言;
tonight [t4'nait] ad./n.今晚;
too [tu:] ad.也;太,过分;
tool [tu:l] n.工具; tooth([pl.]teeth); n.牙齿,齿;齿状物;
top [t3p] n.顶(部);上边,上面;首位,最高位; a.最高的; v.高过,超过;到达...顶部; on top of在...之上;
topic ['t3pik] n.话题,主题,题目;
torch [t3:t5] n.手电筒;火炬,火把;
torrent ['t3r4nt] n.激流,山洪;
tortoise ['t3:t4s] n.龟;
torture ['t3:t54] v.拷问,拷打;折磨,磨难; n.拷问;折磨,痛苦;
toss [t3:s,t3s] v.向上扔;摇摆,颠簸;辗转反侧;
total ['t4ut4l] n.总数,合计; a.总的,全部的,完全的; v.合计,总数达;
touch [t8t5] v.触,碰,摸;感动,触动;涉及,论及; n.触动,碰到;少许,一点; keep in touch保持联系; out of touch失去联系; touch on关系到,涉及; touch up润色,改进;
tough [t8f] a.坚韧的,棘手的,困难的;强健的,吃苦耐劳的;粗暴; 的,凶恶的;
tour [tu4] v./n.旅行,游历;
tourism ['turiz4m] n.旅游(业);
tourist ['turist] n.旅行者;
tow [t4u] v./n.拖,牵引; toward(s); prep.[表示运动方向]向;[表示关系]对于;[表示时; 间]将近;[表示目的]为了;
towel ['tau4l] n.毛巾;
tower ['tau4] n.塔; v.高耸;
town [taun] n.市镇,城镇;
toy [t3i] n.玩具;
trace [treis] n.痕迹,踪迹;极少量,微量; v.描绘;跟踪,追踪;
track [tr1k] n.跑道,小路;轨迹,轮迹; v.跟踪,追踪; keep track通晓事态,注意动向; lose track失去联系;
tractor ['tr1kt4] n.拖拉机,牵引车;
trade [treid] n.贸易,商业;职业,行业; v.经商,交易;
trademark ['treid.m2:k] n.商标;
tradition [tr4'di54n] n.传统,惯例;
traffic ['tr1fik] n.交通,交通量;
tragedy ['tr1d94di] n.悲剧;惨事,灾难;
tragic ['tr1d9ik] a.悲剧的,悲惨的;
trail [treil] n.踪迹,痕迹;(乡间)小道; v.追踪,跟踪;
train [trein] n.列车,火车;行列,系列,一串; v.训练,培养;
training ['treini6] n.训练,培养;
trait [treit] n.特征,特点,特性;
traitor ['treit4] n.叛徒,卖国贼;
tram [tr1m] n.有轨电车;
tramp [tr1mp] n.流浪者;步行,跋涉; v.步行,跋涉;
transaction [tr1n'z1k54n] n.办理,处理;交易,事务;[pl.]会报,学报;
transfer ['tr1nsf4:,tr1ns'f4:] v.转移,调动;转车;转业,转学;转让,过户;
transform [tr1ns'f3:m] v.改变,变换;变压;转化;改造,改造;
transformer [tr1ns'f3:m4] n.变压器;
transient ['tr1n54nt] a.短暂的;
transistor [tr1n'zist4] n.晶体管,晶体管收音机;
transition [tr1n'zi54n] n.转变,过渡;
translate [tr1ns'leit] v.翻译;
translation [tr1ns'lei54n] n.翻译;译文,译本;
transmission [tr1ns'mi54n] n.播送,发射;传动,传送;
transmit [tr1ns'mit] v.传播,发射;传递,传导;
transparent [tr1ns'per4nt] a.透明的;显然的,明显的;
transplant ['tr1ns.pl2:nt,tr1ns'pl2:nt] v.移植;
transport [tr1ns'p3:t] v.运输,运送,搬运; n.运输,运送;运输系统,运载工具;
trap [tr1p] n.陷阱,圈套; v.诱捕,使中圈套;
travel ['tr1v4l] n.旅行; v.旅行;行进,传播;
tray [trei] n.盘,碟,托盘;
treason ['tri:z4n] n.谋反,通敌,叛国;
treasure ['tre94] n.财宝,财富;珍品; v.珍爱,珍惜;
treasurer ['tre94r4] n.司库,财务主管;
treat [tri:t] v.对待;处理;治疗;论述,探讨;款待,请客; n.款待,请客;
treaty ['tri:ti] n.条约;
tree [tri:] n.树;
tremble ['tremb4l] v.发抖,颤抖;摇动,晃动;
tremendous [tri'mend4s] a.巨大的,极大的;
trench [trent5] n.沟,沟渠;
trend [trend] n.倾向,趋势; v.伸向,倾向;
trial ['trai4l] n.审讯;试验,考验;
triangle ['trai.16g4l] n.三角(形);
triangular [trai'16gj4l4] a.三角(形)的;
tribute ['tribju:t] n.贡品;颂词,称赞,(表示敬意的)礼物;
trick [trik] n.诡计,骗局;恶作剧;窍门,诀窍; v.欺骗,哄骗;
trifle ['traif4l] n.少量,少许;小事,琐事; v.(with)玩忽,嬉耍;
trim [trim] a.整齐的,整洁的; v./n.整理,修整,装饰;
trip [trip] n.旅行,远足; v.绊倒,失足;
triple ['trip4l] a.三部分的,三方的;三倍的,三重的; v.使增至三倍;
triumph ['trai4mf] n.胜利,成功; v.得胜,战胜;
triumphant [trai'8mf4nt] a.得胜的,得意洋洋的;
trivial ['trivi4l] a.琐碎的;无足轻重的;
trolley/trolly [] n.手推车,小车;(=trolley bus)[英]无轨电车,[美]; 有轨电车; 
troop [tru:p] n.[pl.]部队,军队;(一)群,(一)队; v.群集,集合;
tropical ['tr3pik4l] a.热带的;
trouble ['tr8b4l] n.烦恼,麻烦;动乱,纠纷;疾病;故障;辛苦,费心; v.(使)烦恼,麻烦;
troublesome ['tr8b4ls4m] a.令人烦恼的,讨厌的;
trousers ['trauz4z] n.裤子;
truck [tr8k] n.卡车,载重汽车;
true [tru:] a.真实的,真正的;忠实的,忠诚的;正确的;
trumpet ['tr8mpit] n.喇叭,小号;
trunk [tr86k] n.大衣箱,皮箱;(汽车后部)行李箱;树干,躯干;
trust [tr8st] v.信任,依赖;盼望,希望;委托; n.(in)信任,依赖;委托,信托;
truth [tru:7] n.真实,真相;真实性,忠实性;真理; in truth实际上,的确;
try [trai] v.试图,努力;试用,试验;审讯,审理; try out试验; try on试穿;
tub [t8b] n.木盆,澡盆;
tube [tju:b] n.管,软管;电子管,显像管;地铁;
tuck [t8k] v.卷起;塞进;
Tuesday ['tju:zdei] n.星期二;
tug [t8g] v.用力拖(或拉); n.猛拉,牵引;拖船; tug of war拔河;
tuition [tju:'i54n] n.学费;
tumble ['t8mb4l] v.(使)摔倒;打滚,翻腾; n.摔跤,跌倒;
tune [tju:n] n.调子,曲调;和谐,协调; v.调音,调节,调整; tune in (to sth.)调谐,收听;
tunnel ['t8n4l] n.隧道,山洞;
turbine ['t4:bin] n.汽轮机,透平机,涡轮机;
turbulent ['t4:bj4l4nt] a.狂暴的,无秩序的;
turkey ['t4:ki] n.火鸡(肉);
turn [t4:n] v.转动,旋转,翻(转);(使)变化,变成; n.转向,转变;转动,旋转;轮流,(顺)次; by turns轮流,交替地; in turn依次,轮流; turn down关小,调低;拒绝,摒斥; turn in交出,上缴;转身进入,拐入; turn into变成; turn off关掉,断开;拐弯,叉开; turn on接通,打开; turn out制造,生产;结果是;驱逐,使离开; turn over翻过来,翻倒;移交,转交; turn to变成,求助于,借助于; turn up开大,调大;出现,来到,发生; take turns轮流;
turning ['t4:ni6] n.旋转,转向;转弯处;
turnip ['t4:nip] n.萝卜,芜菁;
turnover ['t4:n.4uv4] n.翻倒(物),翻转(物);人员调整;(资金等)周转;成; 交量,营业额;
tutor ['tju:t4,'tu:t4] n.家庭教师,指导教师; v.个别指导;
twelfth [twelf7] num.第十二;
twelve [twelv] num.十二,十二个;
twentieth ['twentii7] num.第二十;
twenty ['twenti] num.二十,二十个;
twice [twais] ad.两次,两倍;
twin [twin] a.双的,成对的,孪生的; n.孪生子,双生子;
twinkle ['twi6k4l] v./n.闪烁,闪亮;
twist [twist] v.捻,搓;绞,拧;歪曲,曲解; n.搓,拧;扭转,扭弯;
two [tu:] num.二,两个,俩;
type [taip] n.型,类型;铅字; v.打字;
typewriter ['taip.rait4] n.打字机;
typhoon [tai'fu:n] n.台风;
typical ['tipik4l] a.(of)典型的,有代表性的;
typist ['taipist] n.打字员;
tyre/tire [] n.轮胎; 
ugly ['8gli] a.丑陋的,难看的;丑恶的,讨厌的;
ultimate ['8lt4mit] a.最后的,最终的;根本的;
ultraviolet [.8ltr4'vai4lit] a./n.紫外线(的);
umbrella [8m'brel4] n.伞;
unable [8n'eib4l] a.(to+inf.)不能的,不会的;
unanimous [ju'n1n4m4s] a.全体一致的,一致同意的;
unbearable [8n'ber4b4l] a.不堪忍受的;
uncertain [8n's4:t4n] a.(of)不定的,不确知的;不可靠的,易变的;
uncertainty [8n's4:t4nti] n.易变,靠不住;不确知,不确定的事物;
uncle ['86k4l] n.伯父,叔父,舅父,姑父,姨父;
uncover [8n'k8v4] v.揭开,揭露;
under ['8nd4] prep.在...下面;少于,低于;在...情况下,在...中;
underestimate ['8nd4'est4.meit,'8nd4'est4mit] v.低估;
undergo [.8nd4'g4u] v.遭受,经历,承受;
undergraduate ['8nd4'gr1d9u:4t] n.大学生,大学肆业生;
underground [.8nd4'graund,'8nd4.graund] a.地下的,地面下的;秘密的; n.地铁; ad.在地下;秘密地;
underline [.8nd4'lain,'8nd4.lain] v.在...下划线;强调;
underlying [.8nd4'laii6] a.含蓄的,潜在的;在下面的;
undermine [.8nd4'main] v.暗中破坏,逐渐削弱;侵蚀...的基础;
underneath [.8nd4'ni:7] prep.在...下面; ad.在下面,在底下;
understand [.8nd4'st1nd] v.懂,理解;获悉,听说;揣测,认为;
understanding [.8nd4'st1ndi6] n.理解,理解力;谅解; a.了解的,通情达理的;
undertake [.8nd4'teik] v.承担,担任;许诺,保证;着手,从事;
undesirable [.8ndi'zair4b4l] a.不受欢迎的,令人不快的;
undo [8n'du:] v.松开,解开;
undoubtedly [8n'dautidli:] ad.无疑,必定;
uneasy [8n'i:zi] a.不安的,焦虑的;
unemployment [.8nim'pl3im4nt] n.失业,失业人数;
unexpected [.8nik'spektid] a.想不到的,意外的;
unfit [8n'fit] a.(for)不适宜的,不适当的;
unfold [8n'f4uld] v.展开,打开;显示,展示;
unfortunately [8n'f3:t54nitli] ad.不幸地;
unhappy [8n'h1pi] a.不幸的,悲惨的;
uniform ['ju:n4.f3:m] n.制服,军服; a.相同的,一律的;
unify ['ju:n4.fai] v.使联合,统一;使相同,使一致;
union ['ju:nj4n] n.协会,工会,同盟;联合,合并;一致,融洽;
unique [ju:'ni:k] a.唯一的,独一无二的;
unit ['ju:nit] n.单位,单元;部件,元件;机组,装置;
unite [ju:'nait] v.联合,团结;统一,合并; the United Kingdom(=UK)联合王国; the United States(=US)美国; the United Nations(=UN)联合国;
unity ['ju:n4ti] n.团结;统一,一致,整体;
universal [.ju:n4'v4:s4l] a.普遍的,全体的,通用的;宇宙的,世界的;
universe ['ju:n4.v4:s] n.宇宙,万物;
university [.ju:n4'v4:s4ti] n.大学;
unjust [8n'd98st] a.不公平的;
unkind [8n'kaind] a.不仁慈的,不和善的;
unknown [8n'n4un] a.未知的,不知名的;
unless [8n'les] conj.除非,如果不;
unlike [8n'laik] a.不同的,不相似的; prep.不象,和…不同;
unlikely [8n'laikli] a.未必的,靠不住的;
unlimited [8n'limitid] a.无限的,无约束的;
unload [8n'l4ud] v.卸(货),卸下;
unlock [8n'l3k] v.开...的锁,开启;
unpaid [8n'peid] a.未付的,未缴纳的;
unsatisfactory [.8ns1tis'f1kt4ri] a.不能令人满意的;
unsuitable [8n'sju:t4b4l] a.(for)不合适的,不适宜的;
untie [8n'tai] v.解开,解放;
until [4n'til] prep./conj.直到...为止;
unusual [8n'ju:9u4l] a.不平常的,与众不同的;
unwilling [8n'wili6] a.不情愿的;
up [8p] ad.向上,在上面;往上游,往北方,往城里;[表示发生,; 增强,激化等];...光,...完;起床; prep.向...上,直至; up to起来,从事于,忙于;直到;该由...,轮到,胜任,; 适于;
update [8p'deit] v.更新,使现代化;
upgrade ['8p'greid] v.提升,使升级;
uphold [8p'h4uld] v.支持,赞成;举起;坚持;
upon [4'p3n] prep.(=on)在...上;
upper ['8p4] a.上面的;上部的,较高的;
upright ['8p.rait] a.垂直的,直立的;正直的,诚实的; ad.竖立着;
uproar ['8p.r4ur] n.骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸;
upset [8p'set,'8p.set] v.扰乱,使...心烦意乱;打翻,推翻; upside-down; ad.颠倒地,倒置地;
upstairs ['8p'stA4z] ad./a.在楼上(的),往楼上(的); up-to-date; a.时新的,新式的;跟上时代的;
upward ['8pw4d] a.向上的,上升的; ad.(also upwards)向上,往上,...以上;
urban ['4:b4n] a.城市的;
urge [4:d9] v.催促,力劝;强烈希望;鼓励,促进; n.强烈欲望,迫切要求;
urgent ['4:d94nt] a.急迫的,紧迫的;
us [8s] pron.[we的宾格]我们;
usage ['ju:sid9,'ju:zid9] n.用法,惯用法;
use [ju:s,ju:z] v.使用,应用;耗费,消费; n.使用,应用;用途,效用; make use of利用; put to use使用,利用; use up用完,花完;
used [ju:zd] v.(to+inf.)过去常常,过去经常; a.用旧了的,用过的;(to)习惯于...的;
useful ['ju:sf4l] a.有用的,有益的;
usual ['ju:9u4l] a.通常的,平常的; as usual像往常一样,照例;
usually ['ju:9u4li] ad.通常,平常;
utility [ju:'til4ti] n.效用,有用;
utilization/utilisation [] n.利用; 
utilize/utilise [] v.利用; 
utmost ['8t.m4ust] a.最远的;极度的,极端的; n.极限,极度,最大可能;
utter ['8t4] v.说,发出(声音); a.彻底的,完全的;
vacant ['veik4nt] a.未占用的,空的;
vacation [v4'kei54n,vei'kei54n] n.休假,假期;
vacuum ['v1kju4m] n.真空,真空吸尘器;
vague [veig] a.不明确的,含糊的,暧昧的;
vain [vein] a.徒劳的,徒然的;自负的,虚荣的; n.徒劳,白费; in vain徒劳,无效;
valid ['v1lid] a.有效的;合理的,有根据的;
validity [v4'lid4ti] n.有效,有效性;
valley ['v1li] n.(山)谷;流域;
valuable ['v1lju4b4l] a.贵重的,有价值的; n.[pl.]贵重物品,财宝;
value ['v1lju:] n.价格;价值;实用性;重要性; v.评价,估价;尊重,重视;
valve [v1lv] n.阀;[英]电子管,真空管;
van [v1n] n.有篷汽车;有篷货运车厢;
vanish ['v1ni5] v.消失,消散;
vanity ['v1n4ti] n.虚荣心,浮华;
vapor/vapour [] n.蒸气; 
variable ['veri4b4l] a.易变的;可变的,变量的; n.变量;
variation [.veri'ei54n] n.变化,变动;变种,变异;
variety [v4'rai4ti] n.种种,多种多样;种类,品种; a variety of种种,各种;
various ['veri4s] a.各种各样的;不同的;
vary ['veri] v.改变,变化;
vase [veis] n.花瓶,瓶;
vast [v2:st] a.巨大的,辽阔的,大量的;巨额的;
vegetable ['ved94t4b4l] n.蔬菜,植物; a.植物的,蔬菜的;
vegetarian [.ved94'teri4n] n.素食主义者;
vegetation [.ved94'tei54n] n.植物,草木;
vehicle ['vi:ik4l] n.车辆,交通工具;媒介,载体;
veil [veil] n.面纱,遮蔽物; v.用面纱掩盖,掩饰;
velocity [v4'l3s4ti] n.速度,速率;
velvet ['velvit] n.丝绒,天鹅绒; a.丝绒制的,柔软的;
ventilate [.vent4l'eit] v.使通风,换气,给...装通风设备;
venture ['vent54] v.冒险,拼;取于;大胆表示; n.冒险事业,拼,闯; joint venture合资企业;
verb [v4:b] n.动词;
verbal ['v4:b4l] a.用言辞的,用文字的;口头的;动词的;
verdict ['v4:dikt] n.裁定;定论;判断;意见;
verge [v4:d9] n.边,边缘; v.接近,濒临; on the verge of接近于,濒于;
verify ['ver4.fai] v.证实,证明;
versatile ['v4:s4t4l] a.通用的,万用的;多才多艺的,多方面的;
verse [v4:s] n.韵文,诗;诗节,诗句;
version ['v4:94n] n.型,版本;译本,译文;说法,看法;
versus/vs. [] prep.与...相对,与...相比;以...为对手,对; 
vertical ['v4:tik4l] a.垂直的,竖的; n.垂线;
very ['veri] ad.非常,很;真正地,完全; a.[加强名词的语气]正是那个,恰好的;真正的,真实; 的;
vessel ['ves4l] n.容器,器皿;船,舰;管,血管;
vest [vest] n.背心,马甲;汗衫,内衣;
veteran ['vet4r4n] n.老手,老兵;
veto ['vi:t4u] n./v.否决;
via ['vai4] prep.经,通过;
vibrate ['vaibreit] v.(使)振动,(使)摇摆;
vice [vais] n.邪恶,坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳; a.副的; vice versa反之亦然;
vicinity [v4'sin4ti] n.邻近,附近;
vicious ['vi54s] a.恶毒的,凶残的,邪恶的;
victim ['viktim] n.牺牲品,受害者;
victorious [vik't4uri4s] a.胜利的,得胜的;
victory ['vikt4ri] n.胜利;
video ['vidi.4u] n.电视,视频;录像; a.电视的,视频的;录像的;
view [vju:] n.景象,风景;视点,见解;观察,观看;眼界; v.看待,观察,考虑;
viewpoint ['vju:.p3int] n.观点;
vigorous ['vig4r4s] a.有力,朝气蓬勃的,精力旺盛的;
village ['vilid9] n.村,村庄;
vine [vain] n.葡萄树;藤;
vinegar ['vinig4] n.醋;
violate ['vai4.leit] v.违犯,违背;
violence ['vai4l4ns] n.暴力,暴行;激烈,猛烈;
violent ['vai4l4nt] a.猛烈的,激烈的;暴力引起的,强暴的;
violet ['vai4lit] n.紫罗兰,紫色;
violin [.vai4'lin] n.小提琴;
virgin ['v4:d9in] n.处女,未婚女子; a.未经使用的;未经开发的;
virtual ['v4:t5u:4l] a.实际上的,事实上的;
virtue ['v4:t5u:] n.美德,德行;优点,长处; by virtue of由于;
virus ['vair4s] n.病毒;(精神,道德方面的)有害影响;
visible ['viz4b4l] a.看得见的,可见的;
vision ['vi94n] n.视觉,视力;眼力,想象力;
visit ['vizit] n.访问,参观,作客; v.访问,参观;视察,巡视;常去;
visitor ['vizit4] n.访问者,客人,来宾,参观者;
visual ['vi9u:4l] a.看的,视觉的;
vital ['vait4l] a.生死攸关的,重大的;生命的,生机的;
vitamin ['vait4min] n.维生素;
vivid ['vivid] a.鲜艳的;生动的,栩栩如生的;
vocabulary [v4'k1bj4.leri] n.词汇,词汇量;词汇表;
vocation [v4u'kei54n] n.职业,行业;
voice [v3is] n.声音,噪音;噪子,发声能力;语态; v.说出,表达;
void [v3id] a.空的,空虚的,(of)没有的,缺乏的;无效的;
volcano [v3l'kein4u] n.火山;
volleyball ['v3li.b3:l] n.排球;
volt [v4ult] n.伏特;
voltage ['v4ultid9] n.电压;
volume ['v3lj4m] n.容积,体积;卷,册;音量,响度;
voluntary ['v3l4n.teri] a.自愿的,志愿的;
volunteer [.v3l4n'ti4] n./v.自愿(者,兵);自愿(提供);
vote [v4ut] n.投票,表决;选票,选票数; v.投票,表决;
vowel ['vau4l] n.元音,元音字母;
voyage ['v3iid9] n.航海中,航程; v.航海,航行,旅行;
wage [weid9] n.[常pl.]工资,报酬; v.进行,开展;
wagon/waggon [] n.运货马车,运货车;敞蓬车厢; 
waist [weist] n.腰,腰部;
wait [weit] v.(for)等待,等候;(on)侍候; n.等候,等待时间;
waiter ['weit4] n.侍者,服务员;
waitress ['weitris] n.女侍者,女服务员;
wake [weik] v.醒来,唤醒;使觉醒,激发,引起;
waken ['weik4n] v.醒,弄醒,唤醒;
walk [w3:k] v.步行,走,散步; n.步行,散步;步行道;
wall [w3:l] n.墙,壁; v.筑墙围住,用墙隔开;
wallet ['w3lit] n.皮夹,钱包;
wander ['w3nd4] v.漫步,徘徊;迷路,迷失方向;离题;
want [w3nt] v.想要,希望;需要;短缺,缺少; n.短缺,缺少;必需品;
war [w3:] n.战争,战斗;
ward [w3:d] n.病房;行政区;受监护人; v.保护,守卫; ward off防止,避开;
warehouse ['wA4.haus] n.仓库,货栈;
warfare ['w3:.fA4] n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突;
warm [w3:m] a.温暖的,暧和的,热心的,热情的; v.(使)变暖; warm up变热;
warmth [w3:m7] n.暖和,温暖;热心,热情;
warn [w3:n] v.警告,告诫;
warning ['w3:ni6] n.警告;
warrant ['w3r4nt] n.正当理由;许可证,委任状; v.保证,担保;
wash [w35] v.洗,洗涤;(浪涛)冲刷,拍打; n.洗,冲洗;洗涤物,衣服;
waste [weist] v.浪费,消耗; a.无用的,废弃的;荒芜的; n.浪费;废物;
wasteful ['weistf4l] a.浪费的;
watch [w3t5] v.观看,注视;看守,监视;(for)窥伺,等待; n.表;看作,监视;
watchful ['w3t5f4l] a.注意的,警惕的;
water ['w3:t4] n.水; v.洒水,浇水;
waterfall ['w3:t4.f3:l] n.瀑布;
waterproof ['w3:t4.pru:f] a.防水的,耐水的;
watt [w3t] n.瓦,瓦特;
wave [weiv] n.波浪,波;(挥手)示意,致意;飘扬,起伏; v.(挥手)示意,致意;波动,飘动;
wavelength ['weiv.le67] n.波长;
wax [w1ks] n.蜡,蜂蜡; v.打蜡;
way [wei] n.道路,路线,方向,方面;方法,方式;状况,习惯,作; 风; by the way顺便提一下,另外; by way of经由,通过...方式; give way让路,让步; in a way在某点,在某种程度上; in no way决不; in the way of妨碍; in one’s way/in the way妨碍,阻碍; lead the way带路,引路; make one’s way前进,行进; make way开路,让路;
we [wi:] pron.我们;
weak [wi:k] a.虚弱的,软弱的;差的,不够标准的;淡薄的,稀的;
wealth [wel7] n.财富,财产;大量;
wealthy ['wel7i] a.富裕的,丰富的;
weapon ['wep4n] n.武器,兵器;
wear [wA4] v.穿戴; wear off逐渐消逝; wear out用破,用坏,磨损;耗尽,使精疲力尽;
weary ['wiri] a.疲倦的;令人厌烦的; v.使疲倦,使厌倦;
weather ['we04] n.天气,气象;
weave [wi:v] v.编,编织;
web [web] n.网,蜘蛛网;
wedding ['wedi6] n.婚礼;
wedge [wed9] n.楔,楔形; v.楔牢,楔入,挤进;
Wednesday ['wenzdei] n.星期三;
weed [wi:d] n.杂草,野草; v.除草,锄草;
week [wi:k] n.星期,周;
weekday ['wi:k.dei] n.平常日,工作日;
weekend ['wi:k'end] n.周末;
weekly ['wi:kli] a.每周的,一周一次的; ad.每周一次;
weep [wi:p] v.(over)(为...)哭泣;(为...)流泪; n.(for)悲叹,哀悼,为...伤心;
weigh [wei] v.称…重量,称;重达;考虑,权衡;
weight [weit] n.重量,重力;负荷,重担;重要性,分量;砝码,秤砣;
welcome ['welk4m] n./v.欢迎; int.欢迎(迎接时的招呼语); a.受欢迎的;
weld [weld] v.焊接,锻接; n.焊接,焊缝;
welfare ['wel.fA4] n.福利;
well [wel] n.井,小井; ad.好,好好地; a.健康的; int.[表示宽慰,惊讶等]好啦,那么,嗯; as well同样地; as well as既...又,除...之外(还); well-known; a.有名的,著名的;
west [west] n./a.西,西方(的),西部(的); ad.向西;
western ['west4n] a.西方的,西部的;
westward ['westw4d] ad.(also westwards)向西; a.向西的;
wet [wet] a.湿的,潮湿的;有雨的,多雨的; v.弄湿,沾湿;
what [w3t] pron.什么;[引出定语从句]所...的事物(或人); a.多么,何等;什么,怎样的;[引出定语从句]所...的; what about(对于)...怎么样; what if如果...将会怎样,即使...又有什么要紧;
whatever [w3t'ev4] pron.[引出状语从句或名词从句]无论什么,不管什; 么; a.无论什么样的;
wheat [wi:t] n.小麦;
wheel [wi:l] n.轮,车轮;
when [wen] ad.什么时候,何时;当时,在那时; conj.当...时,那时,然后;可是,然而;
whenever [wen'ev4] conj.无论何时,随时;每当;
where [wA4] ad.在哪里,往哪里;在...的(地方); conj.在...地方,到...地方; pron.哪里,什么地方;
whereas [hwA4r'1z] conj.而,却,反之;
wherever [wA4'ev4] conj.无论在哪里,无论到哪里; ad.无论在哪里,无论到哪里,究竟在哪里,究竟到哪; 里;
whether ['we04] conj.是否,会不会,不管,无论; whether...or是...还是,不管...还是;
which [wit5] pron.哪一个,哪一些;那一个,那一些; a.哪一个,哪一些;
whichever [wit5'ev4] pron./a.无论哪个,无论哪些;
while [wail] conj.(=whilst)当...时,和...同时;而,然而;尽管,; 虽然; n.一段时间,一会儿; v.(away)消磨(时间); for a while暂时,一时; once in a while偶尔,有时; after a while过了一会,不久;
whip [wip] n.鞭子; v.抽打,鞭策;搅打,打成泡沫;
whirl [w4:l] v.(使)旋转,打转; n.旋转,急转;
whisky ['wiski] n.威士忌酒;
whisper ['wisp4] v.耳语,轻声说;私下说,偷偷告诉; n.耳语,轻声说;
whistle ['wis4l] n.口哨,汽笛;口哨声,汽笛声; v.吹口哨,鸣笛;
white [wait] a.白色的,白的;白种的; n.白色;白人;
whitewash ['wait.w35] v.粉刷;掩饰; n.石灰水;粉刷;掩饰;
who [hu:] pron.谁;[引出定语从句]他,她,他们;
whoever [hu:'ev4] pron.不论谁,任何人;
whole [h4ul] a.完整的,无缺的;全部的,全体的; n.全部,全体,完整; on the whole总的来说;
wholesome ['h4uls4m] a.卫生的;有益于健康的;
wholly ['h4uli] ad.完全地,全部,一概;
whom [hu:m] pron.[who的宾格]谁;
whose [hu:z] pron.谁的;[引出定语从句]那个人的,那些人的;
why [wai] ad.为什么;[引出定语从句]为什么...的; int.咳,哎呀;
wicked ['wikid] a.邪恶的,恶劣的;恶意的;
wide [waid] a.宽阔的;广泛的; ad.完全地,充分地;
widespread ['waid'spred] a.分布广泛的,普遍的;
widow ['wid4u] n.寡妇;
width [wid7] n.宽度;宽阔,广阔;
wife [waif] n.妻子;
wild [waild] a.野性的,野生的;野蛮的;狂热的,疯狂的;荒芜的;
will [wil] aux.v.将会;愿,要;总是,经常是;决心要,下决心; n.决心,意志;遗嘱;
willing ['wili6] a.情愿的,乐意的;
win [win] v.(获)胜,赢得;达到,赶上; n.赢,胜利;
wind [waind,wind] n.风;气息,呼吸; v.绕,缠;上发条;
winding ['waindi6] n.绕,缠;绕组,线圈;
window ['wind4u] n.窗户,窗口;
wine [wain] n.葡萄酒,果酒;
wing [wi6] n.翼,翅膀;
winter ['wint4] n.冬季;
wipe [waip] v./n.擦,揩,抹; wipe out擦去,除去;消灭,毁灭;
wire [wai4] n.金属线,电线;电报,电信; v.发电报(给);
wireless ['wai4lis] a.无线的;
wisdom ['wizd4m] n.智慧,明智;名言,格言;
wise [waiz] a.有智慧的,聪明的;
wish [wi5] v./n.但愿;祝愿,祝贺;希望,愿望;
wit [wit] n.智力,才智;
with [wi0] prep.带有,具有;用,以;和...一起,同,对...;关于;; 虽然,尽管,随着;
withdraw [wi0'dr3:] v.收回,撤消;缩回,退出;提取(钱);
withhold [wi0'h4uld] v.拒绝,不给;使停止,阻挡;
within [wi'0in] prep.在...里面,在...以内; ad.在内;
without [wi'0aut] prep.无,没有;
withstand [wi0'st1nd,wi7'st1nd] v.抵抗,经受住;
witness ['witnis] n.目击者,证人;证据,证明; v.目击,目睹;作证;
witty ['witi] a.机智的,风趣的;
wolf [wulf] n.狼;
woman ['wum4n] n.女人;
wonder ['w8nd4] n.惊奇,惊异;奇迹,奇事; v.(at)诧异,奇怪;纳闷,想知道; no wonder难怪,怪不得;
wonderful ['w8nd4f4l] a.惊人的,奇妙的;极好的;
wood [wud] n.木头,木材;[pl.]小森林,树林;
wooden ['wud4n] a.木制的;呆笨的;
wool [wul] n.羊毛,毛线,毛织品;
woolen/woollen [] a.羊毛(制)的,羊毛的; 
word [w4:d] n.词,单词;[常pl.]话;消息,传说;诺言,保证; in a word总而言之; in other words换句话说,也就是说; keep one’s word守信用; word for word逐字地;
work [w4:k] n.工作,劳动;职业;产品,成品,工艺品;[pl.]著作,; 作品;[pl.]工厂,工场; v.工作,运转; at work在工作,忙于; out of work失业; work out解决,算出;设计出,制定出; work up引起,激起;逐渐上升,向上爬;
worker ['w4:k4] n.工人,工作者;
workshop ['w4:k.53p] n.车间,工场;专题讨论会;
world [w4:ld] n.世界,地球;世间,人间;..界,领域;全世界,世人; in the world到底,究竟;
worldwide ['w4:ld.waid] a.全世界的,世界范围的; ad.遍及全世界;
worm [w4:m] n.虫,蠕虫;
worry ['w4:i] v.烦恼,多愁;(about)对...感到烦恼,对...发愁; n.烦恼,焦虑,担忧;
worse [w4:s] a./ad.更坏,更差(的/地);
worship ['w4:5ip] n.礼拜,礼拜仪式;崇拜,敬仰; v.崇拜,敬仰;做礼拜;
worst [w4:st] a./ad.最坏(的),最差(的); at (the) worst在最坏的情况下;
worth [w4:7] n.价值; a.值...的,价值...的,值得...的;
worthwhile ['w4:7'wail] a.值得(做)的;
worthy ['w4:0i] a.(of)值得...的,配得上...的;可尊敬的,有价值的;
would [wud] aux.v.will的过去时;[表示语气婉转的请示]愿;[表; 示过去的习惯]常常;大概;
wound [waund,wu:nd] n.创伤,伤口; v.伤,伤害;
wrap [r1p] v.裹,缠,卷,包; n.披肩,围巾;
wreath [ri:7] n.花环,花圈;
wreck [rek] n.失事船(或飞机),残骸;失事; v.(船等)失事,遇难;破坏,拆毁;
wrench [rent5] v.猛拧,猛扭;挣脱;使扭伤; n.扳手;(离别等的)痛苦,难受;
wrinkle ['ri6k4l] n.皱纹; v.起皱,皱眉;
wrist [rist] n.腕,腕关节;
write [rait] v.写,写(字,信,函); write off报废,勾销,注销;
writer ['rait4] n.作者,作家;
writing ['raiti6] n.写,写作;著作,作品;
wrong [r3:6,r36] a.错误的,不正确的;不道德的,不正当的; ad.错,不对; go wrong发生故障,出毛病;
Xerox/xerox [] n.复印机; v.复印; X-ray; n.X射线,X光; 
yard [j2:d] n.院子,场地;码;
yawn [j3:n] v.打呵欠; n.呵欠;
year [ji4] n.年,年度;
yearly ['ji4li] a./ad.每年,一年一度(的);
yeast [ji:st] n.酵母;
yell [jel] v.叫喊;
yellow ['jel4u] n./a.黄色(的);
yes [jes] ad.是的;
yesterday ['jest4dei] n./ad.昨天;
yet [jet] ad.尚,仍然,近;已经,更; conj.然而,但是; and yet可是,然而; as yet到目前为止,到那时为止;
yield [ji:ld] v.出产,生长;(to)屈服,服从; n.产量,收获;
you [ju:] pron.你,你们;
young [j86] a.年青的; n.青年人;
your [ju4] pron.[you的所有格]你的,你们的;
yours [ju4z] pron.[your的物主代词]你(们)的(东西);
yourself [ju4'self] pron.你(们)自己;你(们)亲自;
youth [ju:7] n.青年;年轻人;
youthful ['ju:7f4l] a.年轻的,有青春活力的;
zeal [zi:l] n.热情,热忱;
zealous ['zel4s] a.热心的,热情的;
zebra ['zi:br4] n.斑马;
zero ['zir4u] n.零,零度; num.零;
zigzag ['zigz1g] n./a.之字形(的); v.使曲折,曲折盘旋;
zinc [zi6k] n.锌;
zone [z4un] n.地区,区域; v.分区,划分地带;
zoo [zu:] n.动物园;
